Biochemistry
Enzymes are biological catalysts that belong to this major class of macromolecules.
What are proteins?
Charles Darwin developed his theory of natural selection after studying finches and tortoises on this island chain.
What are the Galápagos Islands?
This is the primary green pigment responsible for capturing light energy in plants.
What is chlorophyll?
This massive animal phylum includes creatures with jointed appendages and exoskeletons, such as spiders, insects, and crabs.
What is Arthropoda?
This process, the second step of protein synthesis, involves reading mRNA to assemble a chain of amino acids.
What is translation?
This molecule, Adenosine triphosphate, is considered the primary energy currency of the cell.
*DAILY DOUBLE*
What is ATP?
In the standard Linnaean taxonomic hierarchy, this classification level falls directly between Phylum and Order.
What is Class?
This type of vascular tissue transports water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots to the rest of the plant.
What is xylem?
Mammals that lay eggs instead of giving birth to live young, like the platypus and echidna, belong to this order.
What are monotremes?
This crucial enzyme is responsible for "unzipping" the DNA double helix during replication.
What is helicase?
These are the building blocks of lipids, typically consisting of a long hydrocarbon chain and a terminal carboxyl group.
What are fatty acids?
This term describes structures in different species that share a common evolutionary origin, such as a human arm and a whale flipper.
What are homologous structures?
These tiny, mouth-like pores on the surface of leaves open and close to allow for gas exchange.
What are stomata?
This is the sensory organ system in fish used to detect movement, vibration, and pressure gradients in the surrounding water.
What is the lateral line?
These are the short segments of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication.
What are Okazaki fragments?
This specific type of covalent bond joins amino acids together to form a polypeptide chain.
What is a peptide bond?
This mathematical principle states that allele frequencies in a population will remain constant in the absence of evolutionary influences
What is the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
This gaseous plant hormone is famous for stimulating the ripening of fruit.
What is ethylene?
Nematocysts are specialized, explosive stinging cells found exclusively in this phylum, which includes jellyfish and sea anemones.
What is Cnidaria?
Before mRNA leaves the nucleus, these non-coding regions are spliced out and removed.
What are introns?
During glycolysis, one molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of this 3-carbon compound.
What is pyruvate (or pyruvic acid)?
This domain of life contains single-celled microorganisms that lack a cell nucleus and often live in extreme environments like hot springs.
What is Archaea?
In flowering plants, this swollen base portion of the pistil eventually matures into a fruit after fertilization.
What is the ovary?
This tough structural protein makes up hair, feathers, hooves, and horns in various animals.
What is keratin?
This organelle consists of a stack of flattened sacs and is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins.
What is the Golgi apparatus (or Golgi body)?