Cell Biology
Which organelle produces most of a eukaryotic cell's ATP?
What is the mitochondrion?
What molecule carries hereditary information in almost all living organisms?
What is DNA?
What biological process converts light energy into chemical energy stored in organic molecules?
What is photosynthesis?
What process occurs when organisms with advantageous inherited traits survive and reproduce more successfully than others?
What is natural selection?
What organ pumps blood throughout the human circulatory system?
What is the heart?
Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins received from the endoplasmic reticulum?
What is the Golgi apparatus?
What term describes an organism that has two different alleles for a particular gene?
What is heterozygous?
In eukaryotic cells, where does the Krebs cycle occur?
What is the mitochondrial matrix?
What ecological relationship benefits one organism while harming another?
What is parasitism?
What pancreatic hormone lowers blood glucose by promoting glucose uptake and storage?
What is insulin?
A red blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution swells as water enters the cell. What process causes this movement of water?
What is osmosis?
In incomplete dominance, a red-flowered plant is crossed with a white-flowered plant. What color would the heterozygous offspring most likely be?
What is pink?
What molecule serves as the final electron acceptor in aerobic cellular respiration?
What is oxygen?
What type of natural selection favors individuals at both extremes of a phenotypic distribution rather than intermediate individuals?
What is disruptive selection?
What structure within the nephron is primarily responsible for filtering blood into Bowman's capsule?
What is the glomerulus?
Proteins that will eventually be secreted from a cell are generally synthesized by ribosomes attached to which cellular structure?
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
During meiosis, homologous chromosomes exchange corresponding sections of DNA. What is this process called?
What is crossing over?
What electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane provides the energy that drives ATP synthase?
What is the proton (H⁺) gradient?
Sharks and dolphins have independently evolved similar streamlined body shapes despite belonging to very different evolutionary lineages. What evolutionary phenomenon does this illustrate?
What is convergent evolution?
Destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas would directly reduce production of which hormone?
What is insulin?
A poison makes the inner mitochondrial membrane freely permeable to H⁺ ions, causing ATP production to fall dramatically. What ATP-producing process has been disrupted?
What is chemiosmosis?
Two genes are 8 map units apart on the same chromosome. Approximately what percentage of offspring from a testcross would be recombinant?
What is 8%?
If oxygen is suddenly removed from an actively respiring animal cell, which major component of oxidative phosphorylation stops because electrons can no longer reach their final acceptor?
What is the electron transport chain?
A few individuals colonize an isolated island and establish a population whose allele frequencies differ substantially from the original population. What specific form of genetic drift is this?
What is the founder effect?
A person's body produces ADH normally, but the kidney's collecting ducts cannot respond to it. What type of urine would this person produce?
What is a large volume of dilute urine?