What is the instructions for inherited traits called?
Gene
100
What three major experiments led to the conclusion that DNA is the genetic material in cells led by?
Griffith, Avery, Hershey, and Chase
100
What happens in DNA Replication?
The DNA molecule unwinds, and the two sides split. Then, new nucleotides are added to each side until two identical sequences result.
100
What are the three types of RNA?
Messenger RNA (mRNA), Transfer RNA (tRNA), and Ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
100
Translation occurs in a sequence of steps, involves three kinds of RNA, and results in a complete __________.
polypeptide.
200
Which three parts are nucleotides made up of?
a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar molecule, and a nitrogen-containing base
200
What goes on in step 1?
First, Hershey and Chase knew that proteins contain some sulfur but no phosphorus and that DNA contains phosphorus but no sulfur.
200
What goes on in Step 1: Unwinding and Separating DNA Strands?
Before DNA replication can begin, the double helix unwinds. The two complementary strands of DNA separate from each other and form Y shapes.
200
What goes on during Transfer RNA?
During translation, transfer RNA (tRNA) "reads" the mRNA sequence. Then, tRNA translates the mRNA sequence into a specific sequence of protein subunits,or amino acids.
200
What goes on in Step 1?
The ribosome, mRNA, and tRNA which is carrying the amino acid methionine bind together.
300
What is the process of making a copy of DNA called?
DNA Replication
300
What did Griffith discoveron?
Transformation
300
What happens in step 3: Formation of Two Identical DNA Molecules?
This process of DNA replication produces two identical DNA molecules. Each double-stranded DNA helix is made of one new strand of DNA and one original strand DNA.
300
What goes on in Ribosomal RNA?
Protein production occurs on cellular structures called ribosomes. Ribosomes are made up of about 80 protein molecules (ribosomal proteins) and several large RNA molecules. The RNA that is found in ribosomes is called ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
300
What happens in Step 5?
The amino acid chain is released, and the ribosome complex falls apart.
400
A second type of nucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, or _____, is essential in taking the genetic information from DNA and building proteins.
RNA
400
In 1952, _______ _______ and ________ ________ thought that they could support Avery's conclusions by showing how DNA and proteins cross the cell membrane.
Alfred Hershey, Martha Chase
400
When does DNA replication occur?
DNA replication occurs before a cell divides so that each cell has a complete copy of DNA.
400
What happens during Messenger RNA?
When DNA is transcribed into RNA, messenger RNA (mRNA) is the type of RNA that is produced. mRNA is complementary to the DNA sequence of a gene.
400
What is Step 3?
The first tRNA detaches and leaves its amino acid. With each new tRNA, the amino acid chain grows.
500
What is DNA?
The primary material that causes recognizable, inheritable characteristics in related groups of organisms.
500
In 1928, Frederick Griffith was working with two related strains of bacteria. The S strain causes pneumonia and is covered by a _______ of _______?
Capsule, polysaccharides
500
What is Step 2: Adding Complementary Bases?
At the replication fork, new nucleotides are added to each side and new base pairs are formed according to the base-pairing rules.
500
What is RNA?
RNA is a nucleic acid---a molecule made of nucleotide subunits linked together.
500
What happens during Step 2?
A new tRNA arrives and binds to the codon on the mRNA. A peptide bond forms between the first amino acid and the amino acid created by this tRNA.