Macromolecules
How many valence electrons does a carbon atom have?
4
What is the difference between the cell wall and the cell membrane?
Cell wall is only found in plants and it maintains the shape of the cell. The cell membrane is found in both plants/animals and regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
What is the role of DNA polymerase in copying DNA?
DNA polymerase joins nucleotides to synthesize a new complementary strand of DNA.
The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell is?
Passive transport
This is the equation for cellular respiration.
C6H12O6 --> 6O2 + 6H20 + ATP
False
________________ are macromolecules made of many smaller subunits called monomers.
Polymers
Which has a bigger vacuole? Plant or animal cells?
Plants have a bigger vacuole as it also stores nutrients.
What is DNA made up of?
Nucleotides (A T G C)
A molecule that makes up the plasma membrane and has a polar, hydrophilic head and a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail.
Phospholipids
What parts of cellular respiration need oxygen?
Krebs cycle and Electron Transport chain
Two linked monosaccharides make up a __________
Disaccharide
What is the difference between the smooth and the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
How is meiosis different from mitosis?
Mitosis results in the production of two genetically identical diploid cells, whereas meiosis produces four genetically different haploid cells.
OR / AND
In mitosis, each daughter cell receives a complete diploid set of chromosomes. In meiosis, homologous chromosomes are separated, and each daughter cell receives only a haploid set of chromosomes.
A type of active transport where material is taken out of the cell when a vacuole fuses with the cell membrane.
Exocytosis
What process converts energy from the sun into chemical energy stored in the bonds of carbohydrates?
Photosynthesis
Because they make a reaction occur faster, enzymes are considered ___________.
Catalysts
What are two organelles a eukaryotic cell has but a prokaryotic cell does not?
Mitochondria, Nucleus
How does DNA replication differ in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
DNA replication in prokaryotic cells begins at one point, while in eukaryotic cells it may begin at hundreds of places on the DNA molecule.
If a cell is placed in a _______________ environment, the water would move out of the cell.
Hypertonic
A mushroom gains its energy by decomposing the tissues of dead organisms. Should mushrooms be classified as autotrophs, heterotrophs, in both groups, or in neither group, and for what reason?
They are heterotrophs because their food is made by other organisms
The following are functions of which macromolecule?
-Main energy source for living things.
-Energy storage in plants (starch)
-Energy storage in animals (glycogen).
-Provide support for plants (make up the cell wall).
-Make up the exoskeleton of arthropods
Carbohydrate
Which membrane-bound organelle is responsible for transporting, modifying, and packaging proteins and lipids into vesicles?
Golgi apparatus
How can two alleles from different genes be inherited together?
When those genes are located on the same chromosome.
A special transport protein in the plasma membrane that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.
Sodium-potassium pump
What best describes the relationship between the two sets of reactions of photosynthesis, which are the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions?
Only the light-dependent reactions produce sugars, but they depend on products of the light-independent reactions.