Biology Lab

Cells

100

Our Bodies are made up of around _______ cells (e.g., blood, nerve, skin, muscle, ects.).

30 trillion 

200

Cell Membranes are called, ________, and __________.

Phospolipid bilayer and lipid bilayer

300

Cell Membranes are often described as " _______ Mosaic Models ". 

Fluid 

400

What does Hydrophilic and what does Hydrophobic. 

Hydrophilic means water loving, and Hydrophobic means to repel water ( not water loving and or doesn't like water). 

500

Determine whether Hydrophilic cells and Hydrophobic cells are polar or non polar 

Hydrophilic cells are polar and hydrophilic cells are non polar 

Cell Wall vs Membrane

100

1. Which of the following cell structures is primarily responsible for providing rigid structural support and preventing a plant cell from bursting due to turgor pressure?
   • A) Plasma membrane
   • B) Cell wall
   • D) Cytoplasm 

B) Cell wall

200

1. The cell membrane is not a rigid sheet; it is made up of many individual components like phospholipids, transport proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates. What is the name of the biological model used to describe this dynamic structure?
   • A) Lock and Key Model
   • B) Fluid Mosaic Model
   • C) Double Helix Model
   • D) Endosymbiotic Model

• B) Fluid Mosaic Model

300

How does the cell membrane maintain homeostasis

( Basically explain what homeostasis is ) 

The cell membrane maintains homeostasis by acting as a selectively permeable gateway, precisely regulating the entry of vital nutrients and the exit of waste products to keep the cell’s internal environment stable.

400

What is the scientific name for what the Cell Wall is named. 

Cellulose ( Fiber ) 

500

Difference between Cell Wall Vs. Cell Membrane.

• Cell Wall: The cell Wall main function is to provide structural support, shape, mechanical strength.

( For cell Wall it can be any of these, strength, shape, structural support ) 

• Cell Membrane: The main function of the cell membrane is to regulate what goes into and out of the cell. 

Passive vs.Active Transport

100

Question: True or False: Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis are all types of transport that require cellular energy (ATP) to move substances.

Answer: False. All three are forms of passive transport, meaning they happen completely naturally and do not require energy (ATP)

200

Question: What is the special name given to the diffusion of water molecules across a cell membrane?

• 
  

Answer: Osmosis. It is simply the passive movement of water from an area with a lot of water to an area with less water.

300

Question: Both simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are passive (need no ATP). However, what makes facilitated diffusion different from simple diffusion?

Answer: Facilitated diffusion requires helper proteins (like channels or carriers) embedded in the membrane to let larger or charged molecules cross. Simple diffusion allows molecules to pass straight through the membrane on their own.

400

Question: A scientist puts a cell into a beaker of pure water. Because there is a higher concentration of water outside the cell than inside, water rushes into the cell until it swells up and bursts.

What specific passive transport process caused the water to rush in?

• 
  

• Answer: Osmosis. The net movement of water into the cell occurred naturally without using ATP because water always moves toward areas with higher solute (salt/sugar) concentrations.

500

What are the three types of passive transports and what do they do 

( Your answer can be simplified ) 

• Simple Diffusion: Molecules move directly through the membrane from a high-concentration area to a low-concentration area. (Example: Oxygen entering a cell).
• Facilitated Diffusion: Molecules move across the membrane with the help of a helper protein ( channels or gate way ), because they are too large or charged to pass through on their own. (Example: Glucose entering a cell).
• Osmosis: The specific movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane to balance out water levels. (Example: A cell absorbing water).

Osmosis

100

What is osmosis?

A) 

Movement of salt

B) 

Movement of water

C) 

Making sugar

D) 

Breaking cells

B) Movement of water

• Explanation: Correct! Osmosis is the movement of water across a membrane.

200

Does osmosis need cellular energy?

A) 

No

B) 

Yes

C) 

Only in plants

D) 

Only in animals

 No

• Explanation: Correct! Osmosis is a passive process that happens naturally.

300

Which way does water move during osmosis?

A) 

To lower salt concentration

B) 

Nowhere

C) 

To higher salt concentration

D) 

In circles

C) To higher salt concentration

• Explanation: Correct! Water follows the solutes and moves toward the higher concentration side.

400

What does a semipermeable membrane do?

A) 

Blocks all water

B) 

Lets some things pass

C) 

Destroys salt

D) 

Creates energy

B) Lets some things pass

• Explanation: Correct! It acts like a filter, letting water through while blocking some solutes.

500

What happens to an animal cell placed in pure water?

A) 

It shrinks

B) 

It stays the same

C) 

It turns green

D) 

It swells

D) It swells

• Explanation: Correct! Water rushes into the cell because the outside has less solute than the inside.

Isotonic, Hypotonic, Hypertonic

100

What does an "isotonic" solution mean for a cell?

A) 

The solute concentration is equal inside and outside the cell.

B) 

The solution has more salt than the cell.

C) 

The solution has no salt at all.

D) 

The cell absorbs too much water.

A) The solute concentration is equal inside and outside the cell.

• Explanation: Correct! "Iso" means equal, meaning there is no net movement of water.

200

When a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, what happens to the water?

A) 

Water moves out of the cell.

B) 

Water stops moving completely.

C) 

Water moves into the cell.

D) 

Water moves in and out at equal speeds.

C) Water moves into the cell.

• Explanation: Correct! Water rushes into the cell because the surrounding solution has less solute.

300

What typically happens to an animal cell placed in a hypertonic solution?

A) 

It swells and bursts.

B) 

It stays the exact same size.

C) 

It makes its own food.

D) 

It shrinks as water leaves.

D) It shrinks as water leaves.

• Explanation: Correct! Water moves out toward the higher solute concentration, causing the cell to shrivel.

400

In osmosis, water always flows toward which type of area?

A) 

An area with a higher solute concentration.

B) 

An area with zero solutes.

C) 

An area with a lower solute concentration.

D) 

An area with equal pressure.

A) An area with a higher solute concentration.

• Explanation: Correct! Water follows the solutes, moving toward higher concentration areas.

500

If a saltwater solution causes a red blood cell to shrink, how is that solution classified?

A) 

Hypotonic

B) 

Isotonic

C) 

Neutral

D) 

Hypertonic

D) Hypertonic

• Explanation: Correct! High salt outside the cell draws water out, making the cell shrink.