Cells
DNA
DNA 2
Regents Review
Regents Review 2
100
A multicellular organism has cells that perform various roles in that organism. This is most likely due to the
(1) differentiation of cells during embryonic development
(2) specialization of gametes
(3) cloning of cells during embryonic development
(4) specialization of zygotes
(1) differentiation of cells during embryonic development
100
a mutation that exchanges one base for another
What is a SUBSTITUTION MUTATION?
100
a type of mutation that involves the loss of one or more nucleotides from a segment of DNA
What is DELETION MUTATION?
100
An example of an activity that best contributes to maintaining homeostasis in an organism is a
a.) bear eating fish from a polluted stream
b.) deer losing its fur at the start of winter
c.) person not sweating on a 100°F day
d.) response to a chickenpox vaccination
d.) response to a chickenpox vaccination
100
Which substances usually stimulate an immune response?
a) antibodies
b) antigens
c) carbon dioxide molecules
d) biological catalysts
b) antigens
200
Cells possess structures that perform specific jobs. Which statement correctly pairs a cell structure with a function it performs in the cells?
a.) The cell membrane synthesizes proteins for cell processes.
b.) The mitochondria provide energy for cell processes.
c.) Ribosomes regulate which materials enter and leave the cell.
d.) Vacuoles transfer genetic information from one cell to another.
b.) The mitochondria provide energy for cell processes.
200
Part of a DNA sequence goes from GCC ATT TA to GCC AAT TTA. What kind of mutation is this?
Insertion, causing a nonsense mutation
200
Gln - Asn - Ala - IleA sequence of RNA is shown below:
CAA AAU GCG AUC
Using the codon chart, what is the sequence of amino acids that is produced when this RNA is translated?
a.) Gln - Asn - Ala - Ile
b.) Gln - Asn - Pro - Tyr
c.) Val - Leu - Arg - Stop
d.) His - Asn - Ala - Met
a.) Gln - Asn - Ala - Ile
200
The removal of a short sequence of bases from a gene would most directly affect the
a) diffusion of materials into a cell
b) shape of a protein molecule
c) pH of the cytoplasm
d) size of a cell’s nucleus
b) shape of a protein molecule
200
New York State is home to animals such as the Eastern chipmunk. Individuals within this species are not genetically identical.
This variability is primarily the result of
a.) asexual reproduction and mutation
b.) mitosis and selective breeding
c.) meiosis and recombination
d.) sexual reproduction and cloning
c.) meiosis and recombination
300
Which mutation would allow harmful materials to enter cells?
A change in the shape of the cell wall, causing it to look triangular
A change in the shape of a membrane protein, causing its channel to widen
A change in the lysosome enzymes, causing them to lose function
A change in the membrane protein regulator gene, causing more membrane proteins to be made
A change in the shape of a membrane protein, causing its channel to widen
300
The following DNA strand mutated. What is the correct replicated strand of the NEW MUTATED STRAND and what is the repercussion of the mutation?
Original DNA Sequence: ATT CCT AGT
Mutated DNA Sequence: ATT CGT AGT
TAA GCA TCA, the mutation will change the RNA and therefore the protein produced
300
A template strand of DNA in a gene reads:
ATG CCC TTC AGA ACT
Using the codon chart, what is the sequence of amino acids that is produced after translation?
Tyr - Gly - Lys - Ser - Stop
300
Antibodies produced against one pathogen infecting the human body may not work against a different pathogen because antibodies are
(1) only produced once in the body so they can’t work on any other infection
(2) unable to produce effective antibiotics against the infection
(3) made of DNA the second pathogen doesn’t contain
(4) specific for the shape of the proteins present on a particular pathogen
(4) specific for the shape of the proteins present on a particular pathogen
300
When a person receives a transplanted organ, many medications are necessary to keep the organ from being rejected. The process of organ rejection is similar to the one involved in
(1) the growth of cancerous tissue
(2) an allergic reaction
(3) a genetic mutation
(4) the production of an antigen
(2) an allergic reaction
400
Cellular processes in which order would lead to a healthy baby being born?
Meiosis, fertilization, mitosis, differentiation
Mitosis, meiosis, fertilization, differentiation
Mitosis, meiosis, differentiation, fertilization
Fertilization, mitosis, meiosis, differentiation
1. Meiosis, fertilization, mitosis, differentiation
400
The following RNA strand was produced:
CGA GUG AAU CGU UAA
Which of the following DNA strands could have been the template for this RNA?
a.) GCU CAC UUA GCA AUU
b.) CGA GUG AAU CGU UAA
c.) GCT CAC TTA GCA ATT
d.) TTA ACG ATT CAC TCG
c.) GCT CAC TTA GCA ATT
400
An insertion mutation occurs, leaving 19 nucleotides in a DNA sequence.
What is the largest number of amino acids that could be produced by this sequence?
6
400
One human activity that most directly contributes to the decrease in the amount of oxygen present in ocean water is
(1) overfishing, causing a lack of biodiversity
(2) planting more trees, causing more soil erosion
(3) introducing foreign species, causing more competition
(4) industrialization, which releases large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
(4) industrialization, which releases large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
400
One result of the ability of organisms to detect and appropriately respond to stimuli is
(1) an organ malfunction
(2) an allergic reaction
(3) dynamic equilibrium
(4) gene manipulation
(3) dynamic equilibrium
500
Scientists turned a specialized stomach cell from a mouse into a skin cell by activating a specific gene responsible for the production of skin cells. Which claim can be made, based on this evidence?
a.) Stomach cells have the genetic information to form other types of cells.
b.) Skin and stomach cells produce identical proteins.
c.) Stomach cells receive half their genetic information from each parent.
d.) Skin and stomach cells have completely different genes.
a.) Stomach cells have the genetic information to form other types of cells.
500
An insertion mutation occurs, leaving 19 nucleotides in a DNA sequence.
What is the largest number of amino acids that could be produced by this sequence?
6
500
A template strand of DNA is TACCGATTGCA.
What is the complementary DNA strand that is created from this template during replication?
ATGGCTAACGT
500
Antibodies produced against one pathogen infecting the human body may not work against a different pathogen because antibodies are
(1) only produced once in the body so they can’t work on any other infection
(2) unable to produce effective antibiotics against the infection
(3) made of DNA the second pathogen doesn’t contain
(4) specific for the shape of the proteins present on a particular pathogen
(4) specific for the shape of the proteins present on a particular pathogen
500
Bacteria reproduce asexually by a process known as binary fi ssion. In binary fi ssion, the bacterium’s single chromosome is copied and the cell splits in half, with each new cell receiving a copy of the chromosome. The biggest advantage that binary fission often has over sexual reproduction is that
(1) there is more genetic variety in the resulting cells
(2) the genetic material comes from two parents
(3) the offspring inherit only favorable genes
(4) a large number of identical offspring are produced
(4) a large number of identical offspring are produced