Carb
Load
Load
The process by which living organisms produce larger molecules from smaller ones.
Ex. storing excess carbs in the form of glycogen.
What is biosynthesis?
Lacking any affinity to water.
What is hydrophobic?
What are amino acids?
Enzymes are a special class of _______.
What are proteins?
These are the building blocks of nucleic acids.
What are nucleotides?
Different molecules that have the same chemical formula.
Ex. Glucose and fructose, both are C6H12O6
What are isomers?
This is the scale to understand the level of acid/base something is.
What is the pH scale?
All amino acids have a carboxyl group, a varying side group, and this third component.
What is an amino group?
A substance that alters the speed of a chemical reaction but is not used up in the process.
What is a catalyst?
DNA is a double chain of nucleotides that twists around to from a double ______.
What is helix?
Glucose and fructose are simple sugars, which is more formally known as this.
What are monosaccharides?
An amino group is the functional group for this group of molecules.
What are bases?
What is a peptide bond?
The amount of energy required to get a reaction started.
What is activation energy?
This is the simple sugar found in nucleic acids.
What is deoxyribose (for DNA) and ribose (for RNA)?
A chemical reaction in which molecules combine by removing water.
(ex. glucose + fructose --> sucrose + water)
What is a dehydration reaction?
This type of fat does not form any double bonds.
What is saturated fat?
What is the primary structure?
The theory that each enzyme has an active site that complements the shape of one substrate molecule.
What is the lock and key theory of enzyme action?
This is an arrangement of phosphorus, hydrogen, and oxygen found in nucleic acids.
What is a phosphate group?
Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water
(ex. sucrose + water --> glucose + fructose)
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
A group of atoms within a molecule that interacts with other molecules in predictable ways.
What are functional groups?
This structure of a protein is when the entire polypeptide chain folds further into a specific 3D shape.
What is tertiary structure?
The process in which the normal shape of a protein is lost, usually due to heat.
What is denaturation?
Adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine are the four types of this structure.
What is a nitrogenous base?