CELLS AND ORGANELLES
This organelle controls what enters and leaves the cell and helps maintain homeostasis.
What is the cell membrane?
This process copies DNA before a cell divides.
What is DNA replication?
This organism makes its own food through photosynthesis.
What is a producer?
Structures that are similar because they come from a common ancestor are called these.
What are homologous structures?
This organelle contains chlorophyll and carries out photosynthesis.
What is the chloroplast?
These organelles work together to produce and transport proteins in the cell.
What are the ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum?
During this process, DNA is converted into mRNA.
What is transcription?
This term describes the movement of energy from one organism to another.
What is a food chain?
This diagram shows evolutionary relationships among organisms.
What is a cladogram?
The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called this.
What is heredity?
This organelle is known as the “powerhouse of the cell” because it produces ATP through cellular respiration.
What is the mitochondria?
This process occurs at the ribosome and uses mRNA to build proteins.
What is translation?
In an energy pyramid, only about this percent of energy transfers to the next trophic level.
What is 10%?
Bird wings and insect wings are examples of these structures because they perform similar functions but evolved differently.
What are analogous structures?
The process by which organisms best adapted to their environment survive and reproduce is called this.
What is natural selection?
A student notices a plant cell losing water and shrinking. This process is called this.
What is plasmolysis?
This type of cell division produces four genetically different gametes.
What is meiosis?
During photosynthesis, plants use carbon dioxide and water to make this sugar.
What is glucose?
This branching diagram is used by scientists to show evolutionary relationships and common ancestor's among species over time.
What is a phylogenetic tree?
Compare mitosis and meiosis in terms of number of cells produced and genetic variation.
What is: mitosis produces 2 identical cells, while meiosis produces 4 genetically different cells?
Explain how the nucleus, ribosomes, and Golgi apparatus work together to make and export proteins.
What is: the nucleus contains DNA instructions, ribosomes build proteins, and the Golgi apparatus modifies and packages them for transport?
A heterozygous tall pea plant (Tt) is crossed with another heterozygous tall plant (Tt). What is the probability of producing a short plant?
What is 25%?
Explain how photosynthesis and cellular respiration cycle matter through an ecosystem.
What is: photosynthesis stores energy by producing glucose and oxygen, while cellular respiration breaks glucose down to release energy and returns carbon dioxide and water to the environment?
A cladogram shows that sharks and dolphins both live in water, but dolphins are more closely related to humans. Explain why.
What is: dolphins share a more recent common ancestor with humans because they are mammals, while sharks are fish?
A fox population decreases after rabbits disappear from the food web. Explain why using energy flow concepts.
What is: the foxes lost a major energy source, reducing available energy for survival and reproduction?