Biochemistry & Cell Biology
Ecology
Genetics
Evolution & Biodiversity
Anatomy & Physiology
100
A student looks at a cell under a microscope. Which of the following observations would indicate that the cell is from a plant rather than an animal?
A. a nucleus located inside of the cell
B. numerous cilia on the outside of the cell
C. chloroplasts in the cytoplasm of the cell
D. a thin membrane around the edge of the cell
100
Under which of the following conditions would an animal population most likely survive the effects of rapid climate change?
A. The population is highly mobile.
B. The population has a small geographic range.
C. The individuals in the population are carnivorous.
D. The females in the population have one or two offspring per litter.
100
Full-sized wings are the typical phenotype for Drosophila. Which of the following events most likely led to the existence of the short-wing allele in Drosophila?
A. a change in the shape of a chromosome
B. a change in the DNA sequence of a gene
C. the insertion of a DNA strand during mitosis
D. the deletion of a chromosome during meiosis
100
The forelimbs of a whale and an alligator have a similar structure, as shown below.
Which of the following statements best explains this similarity in structure?
A. The whale and the alligator evolved at the same time.
B. The whale and the alligator have a recent common ancestor.
C. The whale and the alligator spend all of their time in the water.
D. The whale and the alligator have the same method of locomotion.
100
Which of the following represents a path that a nerve impulse could travel in the nervous system?
A. brain → motor neuron → spinal cord
B. brain → sensory neuron → motor neuron
C. sensory neuron → spinal cord → brain
D. motor neuron → spinal cord → sensory neuron
200
The diagram below shows a chloroplast and some of the components of the reactions that occur in chloroplasts.
Which of the following is a product of the reactions that take place in a chloroplast?
A. hydrogen gas
B. nitrate
C. oxygen gas
D. protein
200
Black bears can be found in several areas in Texas and Mexico. The size of one of these bear populations decreased when some individuals from the population moved to another area.Based on this information, what caused a decrease in the size of this bear population?
A. emigration
B. extinction
C. natural selection
D. speciation
200
Which type of molecule do Drosophila chromosomes primarily contain?
A. DNA
B. RNA
C. lipids
D. monosaccharides
200
Populations of a European salamander, Proteus anguinus, live in underground caves that have a limited food supply. One of the salamander’s adaptations is the ability to significantly reduce its rate of metabolism when food is scarce.
Which of the following statements best describes how the process of natural selection led to this adaptation?
A. Salamanders with the ability to slow their metabolism grew more slowly than other salamanders.
B. Salamanders with the ability to slow their metabolism were more likely to emigrate than other salamanders.
C. Salamanders with the ability to slow their metabolism underwent more rapid mutation than other salamanders.
D. Salamanders with the ability to slow their metabolism were more likely to survive and reproduce than other salamanders.
200
Which of the following statements best describes the genetic makeup of twins that develop when one fertilized egg splits and two embryos form?
A. One twin has chromosomes only from the mother, and the other twin has chromosomes only from the father.
B. The percentage of chromosomes from the mother and the percentage from the father are randomly split between the twins.
C. Both twins receive half their chromosomes from the mother and half from the father, and the chromosomes received by each twin are the same.
D. Both twins receive half their chromosomes from the mother and half from the father, but the chromosomes received by each twin are different.
300
In which of the following ways does the plasma membrane regulate the entry of molecules into a cell?
A. The membrane allows only certain molecules to move into the cell.
B. The membrane destroys most molecules so that they do not enter the cell.
C. The membrane changes only certain molecules into ions before they move into the cell.
D. The membrane allows most molecules to transfer energy to the cell without entering the cell.
300
The diagram below shows part of a food web in a salt marsh.
Which organisms in the food web belong to the trophic level that provides the most available energy to the ecosystem?
.
A. herons
B. phytoplankton
C. shorebirds
D. shrimp
300
Erwin Chargaff is considered one of the pioneering scientists in the field of molecular biology. In one of his studies, Chargaff observed that a sample of human DNA contained approximately 30% adenine and 20% guanine.Based on DNA structure, what are the expected percentages of the other nitrogenous bases in the sample?
A. 10% thymine, 40% cytosine
B. 20% thymine, 30% cytosine
C. 30% thymine, 20% cytosine
D. 40% thymine, 10% cytosine
300
Thousands of years ago, the jaws and teeth of jaguars were more varied in size than they are today. During a period of climate change about 11,000 years ago, jaguars faced a shortage of food. There were fewer mammals to eat, so the jaguars had to eat shelled reptiles. The jaguars with the largest jaws and teeth could most easily eat the shelled reptiles.Which of the following statements best explains why large jaws and teeth are common characteristics in jaguars today?
A. Jaguars with the smallest jaws and teeth died out completely.
B. Jaguars with the smallest jaws and teeth were not ever able to mate.
C. Jaguars with the largest jaws and teeth survived and reproduced more successfully than other jaguars.
D. Jaguars with the largest jaws and teeth strengthened them by using them more frequently than other jaguars.
300
The concentration of which gas is higher in exhaled air than in inhaled air?
A. carbon dioxide
B. helium
C. nitrogen
D. oxygen
400
Part of a carbohydrate molecule is shown below.
What is the building block of this carbohydrate?
A. oleic acid, a fatty acid
B. leucine, an amino acid
C. glucose, a monosaccharide
D. cytosine, a nitrogenous base
400
Because of sport hunting and the draining of marshlands, the size of the whooping crane population reached a low of 16 individuals in 1940. Since then, conservation efforts have been put in place to increase the whooping crane population size. Which of the following actions would most likely increase the size of the whooping crane population with the least impact on the ecosystem?
A. introducing new insect species for whooping cranes to eat
B. eliminating all wild predators in the whooping crane’s habitat
C. establishing protected areas for whooping crane breeding and migration
D. counting whooping crane populations by tagging and releasing individual birds
400
A gene that affects hair length in dogs has two alleles. The allele for short hair (L) is dominant to the allele for long hair (l). A cross of two short-haired dogs produces six short-haired and two long-haired offspring.Which of the following best explains how the long-hair phenotype can appear in the offspring of two short-haired dogs?
A. Only recessive alleles are inherited from homozygous parents.
B. Dominant alleles grow weaker as they are passed from parents to offspring.
C. Only the parent with a dominant allele can pass that allele to offspring in sexual reproduction.
D. A heterozygous parent has an equal chance of passing either the dominant allele or the recessive allele to offspring.
400
The brush mouse and the northwestern deermouse are both classified in the genus Peromyscus. Which of the following conclusions can be made from this information?
A. The two types of mice live in the same habitat.
B. The two types of mice have the same fur color.
C. The two types of mice are closely related to each other.
D. The two types of mice can successfully interbreed with each other.
400
A certain disease in humans is caused by swelling in the kidneys. The swelling affects the ability of the kidneys to function properly.
Which of the following most likely occurs in the body as a result of this disease?
A. Nervous system functioning increases.
B. Nitrogenous waste builds up in the blood.
C. Other body organs do the work of the kidneys.
D. Hormones are transported by the muscular system.
500
The diagram below shows a parent cell and the daughter cells that are produced after the parent cell divides.
Which of the following best describes the daughter cells?
A. They are a result of transcription.
B. They are a result of binary fission.
C. They have half the number of lipids that the parent cell has.
D. They have half the number of chromosomes that the parent cell has.
500
Tiger beetles chase small spiders, which they catch in their strong jaws and then eat. What is the ecological relationship between tiger beetles and spiders?
A. competition
B. mutualism
C. parasite-host
D. predator-prey
500
Human HLA genes have as many as 100 different alleles per gene. Which of the following terms best describes the inheritance pattern for each HLA gene?
A. codominant
B. linked gene
C. multiple allele
D. recessive
500
A. organisms 1 and 2
B. organisms 1 and 4
C. organisms 2 and 3
D. organisms 3 and 4
500
Damage to neurons directly interferes with which of the following processes?
A. delivery of glucose to cells
B. filtering of wastes from blood
C. transmission of nerve impulses
D. exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide