Metabolism
Cellular respiration and photosynthesis
Genes and protein
Evolution
Ecology and Biosphere
100

DNA replication involves unwinding two strands of parent DNA, copying each strand to synthesize complementary strands, and releasing the parent and daughter DNA. Which of the following accurately describes this process?

  1. This is an anabolic process.
  2. This is a catabolic process.
  3. This is both anabolic and catabolic.
  4. This is a metabolic process but is neither anabolic nor catabolic.

 

a) This is an anabolic process.

100

The energy currency used by cells is ________.

  1. ATP
  2. ADP
  3. AMP
  4. adenosine

a) ATP

100

How many nucleotides are in 12 mRNA codons?

  1. 12
  2. 24
  3. 36
  4. 48

c) 36

100

Which scientific concept did Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace independently discover?

  1. mutation
  2. natural selection
  3. overbreeding
  4. sexual reproduction

b) natural selection

100

Which of the following biomes is characterized by abundant water resources?

  1. deserts
  2. boreal forests
  3. savannas
  4. tropical wet forests

d) tropical wet forests

200

Which of the following comparisons or contrasts between endergonic and exergonic reactions is false?

  1. Endergonic reactions have a positive ∆G and exergonic reactions have a negative ∆G.
  2. Endergonic reactions consume energy and exergonic reactions release energy.
  3. Both endergonic and exergonic reactions require a small amount of energy to overcome an activation barrier.
  4. Endergonic reactions take place slowly and exergonic reactions take place quickly.

d) Endergonic reactions take place slowly and exergonic reactions take place quickly.

200


How many NADH molecules are produced on each turn of the citric acid cycle?

  1. one
  2. two
  3. three
  4. four

c) three

200


Which feature of promoters can be found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

  1. GC box
  2. TATA box
  3. octamer box
  4. -10 and -35 sequences

b) TATA box

200


Which description is an example of a phenotype?

  1. A certain duck has a blue beak.
  2. A mutation occurred to a flower.
  3. Most cheetahs live solitary lives.
  4. both a and c

d) both a and c

200

The study of nutrient cycling though the environment is an example of which of the following?

  1. organismal ecology
  2. population ecology
  3. community ecology
  4. ecosystem ecology

d) ecosystem ecology

300

Which of the following is not an example of an energy transformation?

  1. turning on a light switch
  2. solar panels at work
  3. formation of static electricity
  4. none of the above

a) turning on a light switch

300

The effect of high levels of ADP is to ________ in cellular respiration.

  1. increase the activity of specific enzymes
  2. decrease the activity of specific enzymes
  3. have no effect on the activity of specific enzymes
  4. slow down the pathway

a) increase the activity of specific enzymes

300

The RNA components of ribosomes are synthesized in the ________.

  1. cytoplasm
  2. nucleus
  3. nucleolus
  4. endoplasmic reticulum

c) nucleolus

300


What is the main difference between dispersal and vicariance?

  1. One leads to allopatric speciation, whereas the other leads to sympatric speciation.
  2. One involves the movement of the organism, and the other involves a change in the environment.
  3. One depends on a genetic mutation occurring, and the other does not.
  4. One involves closely related organisms, and the other involves only individuals of the same species.

b) One involves the movement of the organism, and the other involves a change in the environment.

300

Which of the following is a biotic factor?

  1. wind
  2. disease-causing microbe
  3. temperature
  4. soil particle size

b) disease-causing microbe

400


The energy released by the hydrolysis of ATP is____

  1. primarily stored between the alpha and beta phosphates
  2. equal to −57 kcal/mol
  3. harnessed as heat energy by the cell to perform work
  4. providing energy to coupled reactions

d) providing energy to coupled reactions

400

What two main products result from photosynthesis?

  1. oxygen and carbon dioxide
  2. chlorophyll and oxygen
  3. sugars/carbohydrates and oxygen
  4. sugars/carbohydrates and carbon dioxide

c) sugars/carbohydrates and oxygen

400

The AUC and AUA codons in mRNA both specify isoleucine. What feature of the genetic code explains this?

  1. complementarity
  2. nonsense codons
  3. universality
  4. degeneracy

d) degeneracy

400

What is the main difference between autopolyploid and allopolyploid?

  1. the number of chromosomes
  2. the functionality of the chromosomes
  3. the source of the extra chromosomes
  4. the number of mutations in the extra chromosomes

c) the source of the extra chromosomes

400

Which of the following natural forces is responsible for the release of carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases?

  1. the Milankovitch cycles
  2. volcanoes
  3. solar intensity
  4. burning of fossil fuels

b) volcanoes

500

Which of the following analogies best describes the induced-fit model of enzyme-substrate binding?

  1. a hug between two people
  2. a key fitting into a lock
  3. a square peg fitting through the square hole and a round peg fitting through the round hole of a children’s toy
  4. the fitting together of two jigsaw puzzle pieces

a) a hug between two people

500

From which component of the light-dependent reactions does NADPH form most directly?

  1. photosystem II
  2. photosystem I
  3. cytochrome complex
  4. ATP synthase

b) photosystem I

500


A scientist introduces a mutation that makes the 60S ribosomal subunit nonfunctional in a human cell line. What would be the predicted effect on translation?

  1. Translation stalls after the initiation AUG codon is identified.
  2. The ribosome cannot catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between the tRNAs in the A and P sites.
  3. The ribosome cannot interact with mRNAs.
  4. tRNAs cannot exit the E site of the ribosome.

b) The ribosome cannot catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between the tRNAs in the A and P sites.

500


Which situation is not an example of a prezygotic barrier?

  1. Two species of turtles breed at different times of the year.
  2. Two species of flowers attract different pollinators.
  3. Two species of birds display different mating dances.
  4. Two species of insects produce infertile offspring.

d) Two species of insects produce infertile offspring.

500

Which of the following is an example of a weather event?

  1. The hurricane season lasts from June 1 through November 30.
  2. The amount of atmospheric CO2 has steadily increased during the last century.
  3. A windstorm blew down trees in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area in Minnesota on July 4, 1999.
  4. Deserts are generally dry ecosystems having very little rainfall.

c) A windstorm blew down trees in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area in Minnesota on July 4, 1999.

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