Unit 1: Intro to Bio and Sci Method
Fill in the blank: Biology in the study of _______ and a way to learn about the natural __________.
Life, World
Carbon is atomic #4. Draw the electron configuration of Carbon and indicate whether it is more likely to form ionic or covalent bonds with non metals.
Answer: 2 e- on the first ring, 4 on the second. Carbon is a non metal so if it reacts with a non metal, it will share electrons and form covalent bonds.
What are the two main types of cells and how to we distinguish between them? AND which came first?
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are the two types of cells. Prokaryotic cells came first and some evolved into eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and "true" organelles, such as a mitochondria.
What is the molecule of energy that is used by cells?
ATP, Adenosine Triphosphate
Unit 1: Describe hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts of a phospholipid. And, how do they arrange themselves in a cell membrane?
Hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic head. The tails face each other and the heads face towards the cytoplasm (inside) and environment (outside).
What is the difference between a control group and a constant in a scientific experiment?
Control group is the group that often occurs naturally and is what you compare your experimental group results to in order to determine if the Independent variable makes a difference. A constant is how all groups are treated the same in an experiment.
If 1mg = 10-3 g, how many milligrams is 50.2g in sci notation? BE SPECIFIC!!!
5.02 X 104 mg
You need to have the number AND the units to get the credit. A number on its own without a unit does not count.
What is the functional difference between the nucleus and the nucleolus. Draw and label the two.
The nucleus is the genetic control center for the cell and stores the DNA.
What are the three MAIN steps of cellular respiration (in order) and in which of the three would CO2 be an output?
Krebs/CAC cycle
Note: Grooming phase gets a CO2 but it is not considered a main step in CR.
Unit 3: Compare and contrast facilitated diffusion and active transport.
Compare: Both are types of movement of substances across the cell membrane. Both often involve the aid of a protein.
Contrast: Active transport requires an investment of ATP energy to move substances against their concentration gradient (e.g. Na+). Facilitated diffusion moves substances along the concentration gradient and without the use of energy.
If I have two types of race cars (Porsche vs. Aston Martin) and I record the time that it takes each car to make one lap around a racetrack, what kind of visual would I use to display the data? And why?
Bar graph. You took one data point, not data points over the course of time. You are comparing the time it takes to do one lap between two groups (i.e. types of car, Porsche vs. Aston).
Why is water a polar molecule and give two properties of water that help support life on earth.
Water is a universal solvent, undergoes adhesion, cohesion, has a high specific heat, is less dense as a solid than a liquid.
Define the fluid mosaic model and list at least four types of molecules that one would find in this model.
The fluid mosaic model is the model of a section from the cell membrane. It is a mosaic of proteins (e.g. channel or transport protein), carbohydrate chains, phospholipids and cholesterol (lipids). There are also glycolipids too.
1. List both types of fermentation.
2. Indicate the one input/reactant and FOUR outputs/products for the type of fermentation that yeast does.
3. Of the two types, circle the type of fermentation that yeast performed in our class.
1. Lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation.
2. glucose --> ATP, CO2 and Ethanol/alcohol + NAD+. *Remember, NAD+ needs to be produced in order to fuel glycolysis to get more ATP for the organism.
3. Alcoholic fermentation.
Unit 4: What process (i.e. Chemical reaction) occurs in all organisms and is therefore evolutionarily oldest?
Glycolysis
Help! My doorbell just rang but no one is at the door. I'd like to investigate this...
Offer a valid hypothesis to explain why my doorbell rang.
Answers will vary. Could be an IF/THEN but needs to have an explanation that can be tested as to why the doorbell rang.
Example: If you go back and open the door and look down, there will be an amazon package. OR If you press the doorbell, it will stick and then ring at a later time when it releases. OR If you replace the doorbell, it will ring at normal times.
What is the name of the process that converts sucrose into fructose and glucose? Think chemical reaction....
Sucrose is a disaccharide and it undergoes hydrolysis which breaks the chemical bond, resulting in monosaccharides fructose and glucose.
Analysis of a special kind of plant cell wall finds a lot of glycoproteins and glycolipids. Based on these functions, which ONE organelle must plant cells contain a lot of?
Golgi apparatus/bodies. Note: we have carbs (glyco), lipids and proteins and the cell wall falls outside of the cell membrane so it had to transport there. The function of the golgi apparatus is to package and transport biomolecules where they need to go (in or out of the cell).
Describe (in detail) the movement of the electrons as they approach and travel through the ETC of cell respiration. In addition, be specific on who drops off the electrons and who picks up the electrons.
High energy electrons are dropped off by NADPH and travel through the ETC in the mitochondrial inner membrane (cristae). They exit the ETC when they bind with Oxygen and H+ to form water.
Draw an appropriate graph to show how CO2 levels can affect photosynthesis. CO2 levels can change from 1-10% and amount of O2 in microliters can change from 1-10. Graph the expected trend.
X axis should have CO2 levels (%) and Y should have the measure outcome of O2 (microliters). The graph should be a positive correlation (to a point) with a saturation point that levels off.
You come to a pond filled with algae. You forgot your water bottle but you are thirsty. There is a sign that says "Do not drink the pond water." Should you drink the pond water?
Make a CLAIM and then provide reasoning.
Answers will vary:
Claim: No, I should not drink the pond water.
Reasoning: The sign says not to drink the pond water (evidence) and the reasoning could be a result of water contamination (runoff, sewage, bacteria) in the pond which may contribute to the algal growth.
List the four macromolecules with their main function.
1. Carbohydrates = short term energy
2. Lipids = long term energy, cell membrane structure, behavior (steroids)
3. Proteins - Many functions (structure, support, movement, enzymes, immunity, transport)
4. Nucleic acids - Genes/heredity
What would happen to Nemo the fish (finding Nemo) if he had been taken from his ocean environment and placed into a freshwater fish tank of distilled water (i.e. pure water). You should base you answer on what would happen BEFORE Nemo dies....Hint: movement of water and scientific terms please.
Write the balanced chemical equation of photosynthesis. Indicate whether the 3 inputs/2 outputs are associated with the light dependent reaction or the Calvin cycle.
H2O + CO2 + Light energy --> C6H12O6 + O2
Water & light energy & Oxygen = light dep.
CO2 and C6H12O6 are the Calvin Cycle
Unit 2: Draw an amino acid with an R group chain of CH2 - CH2 -NH3
What do amino acids make when they come together?
Is this amino acid found inside of a protein (away from water) or towards the outside of a protein (near water)?
H (above C with a bond)
COOH - C - NH3
CH2 - CH2 -NH3 (with a bond to the middle C one row above).
Amino acids make proteins and this one is hydrophilic and found hear the outside of a protein