Unit 2: Humans vs. Bacteria
A disease-causing organism such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites.
What is a pathogen?
This hormone is released from the pancreas to lower blood sugar levels after eating food.
What is insulin?
The process by which living organisms maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in their external surroundings.
What is homeostasis?
A visual representation of data points connected by lines, used to show how a variable changes over time.
What is a line graph?
This complex network in our body helps us fight infections/diseases from pathogens or harmful substances.
What is the immune system.
The process of change in a population over time. For example, mice population starts with mostly white fur and then switches to mostly darker fur over time due to an environmental change.
What is evolution?
A thin, selectively permeable barrier that surrounds the cell and regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
What is the cell membrane?
These organelles are responsible for photosynthesis in plants, using sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (sugar) and oxygen.
What are chloroplasts?
A factor or condition that remains unchanged throughout an experiment.
What is a constant (or controlled variable)?
A system of blood vessels and the heart that move blood throughout the body. It delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells and remove waste products.
What is the circulatory system?
Drugs that kill or prevents the growth of bacteria.
What are antibiotics?
A self-regulating system within an organism essentially acting as a loop to maintain a stable internal environment (homeostasis) by responding to changes and adjusting accordingly.
What is a feedback mechanism?
Organelles responsible for generating ATP energy through the process of aerobic cellular respiration.
What are mitochondria?
The variable that is measured and or observed in an experiment. For example, we may be measuring growth of a plant.
What is the dependent variable?
Cells of the immune system that produce antibodies and engulf pathogens to fight infections.
What are white blood cells?
An injection of a dead/weakened pathogen that increases antibody production and in turn increases the ability of our immune system to fight off that certain pathogen in the future. Provides immunity.
What is a vaccine?
A tiny pore or opening on the surface of plants leaves and stems. These openings are surrounded by guard cells which regulate the exchange of gases and water loss.
What is a stoma (stomata)?
This is a product of anaerobic respiration (fermentation) in muscle cells when they break down carbohydrates for energy in the absence of oxygen, resulting in muscle fatigue.
What is lactic acid?
The factor that a researcher intentionally manipulates (changes) in an experiment to observe the effects on another variable.
What the independent variable?
A network of nerve cells including the brain and spinal cord that controls and coordinates many of the body's functions, including movement, breathing, and thought. Assists in maintaining homeostasis.
What is the nervous system?
The process that occurs causing antibiotic resistant bacteria to increase in a population due to the overuse of antibiotics. The resistant bacteria survive, reproduce, and pass the trait on to their offspring.
What is natural selection?
The diffusion of water molecules across a membrane towards an area of higher solute (salt) concentration.
What is osmosis?
The attractive force that hold atoms together, forming molecules. When they are broken during chemical reactions, they release energy, allowing the body to do many of it's jobs!
What are Chemical Bonds?
A group of subjects in the experiment that are not exposed to the experimental treatment, serving as a baseline for comparison against the group that is receiving the treatment.
What is the control group?
This system composed of glands which secrete hormones into the bloodstream and regulate body functions such as growth, reproduction, and overall metabolism. Assists in maintaining homeostasis.
What is the endocrine system?