CELL BIOLOGY
List things that are present in all cell types (Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes)
Cell Membrane
Genetic Material
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
A) What is fitness?
B) Natural Selection acts on __________
(Individual or Population)
A) Ability to survive and reproduce
B) Population
In a certain breed of cows:
100% RW Roan coat
describe atleast 2 differences between DNA and RNA
shape
Sugar
Location
Nitorgen bases
shape
Sugar
Location
Nitorgen bases
explain mutualism vs Commensalism
Mutualism - Both benefits
Commensalism - one benfits , one unaffected
Parasitism - one benfits, one harmed
Write an equation of photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide + Water+ Sunlight --> Glucose and Oxygen
Respiration takes place in ______
Photosynthesis takes place in ___________
MItochondria
Chloroplast
A population of brown and white rabbits lives in a forest. A random wildfire sweeps through part of the forest. By chance, most of the rabbits that survive happen to be white, not because white fur helped them survive, but simply due to where they were when the fire occurred.
Identify and Justify mechanism of evolution
A) Genetic Drift
B) Gene flow
C) Natural Selection
D) Mutation
Genetic Drift
Describe the result of Mitosis.
Number -
type - Haploid or Diploid
Different or Identical
2 identical diploid daughter cells.
What is transcription?
Location of transcription
The process of converting DNA into mRNA
In nucleus
A remora fish attaches itself to a shark. The remora gets leftover food scraps from the shark’s meals and a free ride through the ocean. The shark is not helped or harmed.
identify ecological realtionship.
Commensalism
A) Which system releases hormones?
B) Which organ is included in Excretory system?
Endocrine
Kidney
It is absent in Virus?
Important role in protein synthesis.
ribosome
Two groups of fish live in separate lakes that are usually disconnected.
After a season of heavy rain, a temporary river forms, connecting the two lakes. Some silver-finned fish swim into Lake 1 and begin to reproduce with the red-finned fish.Over time, more fish in Lake 1 begin to have silver fins.
Identify and Justify mechanism of evolution
A) Genetic Drift
B) Gene flow
C) Natural Selection
D) Mutation
Gene flow
Describe the result of meiosis?
Number -
type - Haploid or Diploid
Different or Identical
4 Haploid daughter cells with different combinations of alleles because of crossing over
Describe frameshift mutation.
by adding or deleting bases
A grass plant produces 10,000 units of energy.
A grasshopper eats the grass, a frog (secondary consumer) eats the grasshopper. how much energy is available to the secondary consumer ?
100
Which of the following organisms have DNA made of the same basic components?
(Select all that apply) and Justify
A. Bacteria
B. Oak tree
C. Human
D. Mushroom
E. Virus
A B C D
Virus can have either DNA or RNA
A) Major component of cell membrane
B) Role of cell membrane
A) Lipid
B) To maintain Homeostasis by regulating transport
A population of moths lives in a forest. Some moths are light-colored, and some are dark-colored.
Originally, most trees have light-colored bark, so light moths are better camouflaged. Birds eat more dark moths, so light moths survive and reproduce more.Years later, pollution darkens the tree bark. Now, dark moths are better camouflaged, and birds eat more light moths. Over time, dark moths become more common in the population.
Identify and Justify Mechanism of Evolution.
Natural selection - Genetic variation, favorable traits.
Mitosis occurs in __________ cells
Meisois to produce ___________
Somatic cells
Gametes
What is translation?
Where does it take place?
mRNA to protein/polypetide
In cytoplasm on ribosomes
Kelp forests are underwater ecosystems. Sea otters feed on sea urchins, which graze on kelp. When sea otters are present, they keep sea urchin populations under control. This allows kelp forests to grow tall and dense, creating habitats for many other species and helping maintain ecosystem balance. Explain the effect of removal of Sea otters.
Without sea otters, the sea urchin population will increase because there are fewer predators. The growing number of sea urchins will eat more kelp, causing the kelp population to decrease. As the kelp forest declines, many organisms that depend on it for food and shelter will also decrease. This can lead to a less stable ecosystem.
Dolohin embryo has hindlimbs in early stages but it disapper right before birth of Baby Dolohin. What does it indicates about evolution of Dolphin embryo lineages?
their ancestors have Hindlimbs.
I am simple , doesnot have nucleus or membrane bound organelles. Also known as bacteria
Prokaryotes
The legs of crocodiles and mice have similar bone structures and develop in a similar way. What type of structures are the leg bones? What information do they provide.
Homologous structure. Crocodile and Mice share common ancestor
A somatic cell in dog has 26 chromosomes?
A) How many chromosomes will a daughter cell have after mitosis?
B) How many chromosome daughter cell will have after meiosis?
A) 26
B) 13
You are given the following DNA strand:
TACTTAGGC
The strand is mutated in the following way:
TACGTAGGC
What type of mutation is this? why?
Substitution
The fossil record for a species of mollusk shows almost no change over 10 million years. This supports which evolutionary pattern?
A. Gradualism
B. Punctuated equilibrium
C. Artificial selection
D. Stasis
Stasis
CHON
Compare Active vs Passive Transport
active transport requires ATP and Passive transport doesnot require ATP
Active transport - particles move low to high
Passive TRansport - Particles move high to low
Scientists compare the forelimbs of humans, cats, whales, and bats. Although they are used for different functions (grasping, walking, swimming, flying), they have similar bone structures.
Question:
What type of evidence is this, and what does it indicate about these organisms?
A somatic cell in dog has 26 chromosomes?
How many chromosome daughter cell will have after meiosis?
13 Chromosomes
compare mRNA and tRNA and rRNA
mRNA : Carries genetic code from nucleus to cytoplasm
tRNA: carries Amino acids to ribosomes
rRNA: catalyzes protein synthesis
A) Do enzyme change after substrate changes to product?
Enzyme is denatured . What does it mean?
A) No
B) enzyme loses it shape and can not bind to substrate. It works best at optimum temperature
describe 3 components of DNA and also decribe their significance
monomer ______has 3 components ______________ , ________, _______
___________ and ________ forms backbone. Genetic code decides by ____________