Life Systems
This term refers to the maintenance of a stable internal environment despite changes in the external world.
What is homeostasis?
This is the monomer for DNA?
What are nucleotides?
These are the two primary products of photosynthesis.
What are glucose and oxygen?
This term describes the maximum number of individuals of a species an environment can support.
What is carrying capacity?
This is the primary purpose of mitosis in a multicellular organism.
What is growth and repair?
Order these levels of organization from simplest to most complex: Organ Systems, Cell, Tissue, Organism, Organ.
What is Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism?
A single carbon atom can form this many covalent bonds.
What is four?
This "energy currency" molecule is what chemical energy from glucose is transferred into during cellular respiration.
What is ATP?
This biological process is the only one that removes CO2 from the atmosphere.
What is photosynthesis?
These types of cells undergo mitosis.
What are somatic cells?
This type of feedback loop, such as sweating to cool down, acts to reverse a change and bring the body back to its set point.
What is a negative feedback loop?
This type of chemical reaction releases energy, often in the form of heat, into its surroundings.
What is an exothermic reaction?
How cellular respiration and photosynthesis are related.
What is the products of one are the reactants of the other?
This phenomenon occurs when a top predator is removed, causing a cascade of negative effects down the food web.
What is a trophic cascade?
During this specific phase of mitosis, chromosomes line up in the center of the cell
What is metaphase?
Explain how a disruption in a feedback system at the tissue level could eventually lead to the failure of the entire organism.
If tissues fail, the organ cannot function; if the organ system fails, the organism cannot maintain homeostasis and may die.
This is the primary reason the body breaks down complex proteins into simple amino acids.
What is to use them as building blocks for new, different proteins?
According to the 10% rule, if a producer has 5,000 kJ of energy, this much is available to the secondary consumer.
What is 50 kJ?
If a drought occurs, explain what happens to the carrying capacity of the local herbivore population.
What is it decreases because the limiting factor (food/water) has decreased?
If a parent cell has 46 chromosomes, mitosis will result in two daughter cells with how many chromosomes?
What is 46?
A patient has a condition where their body cannot sense a rise in blood sugar, preventing the release of insulin. Relate this specific failure to the components of a feedback loop (Sensor, Control Center, Effector) and predict the long-term effect on the organism's levels of organization.
What is a failure of the Sensor?
Without the sensor, the control center (pancreas) never triggers the effector (insulin release). This causes a breakdown in chemical homeostasis at the cellular level, which eventually leads to organ system failure (kidney or heart damage) and the death of the organism.
Describe the energy transfer that occurs when a bond in a glucose molecule is broken during digestion.
What is chemical potential energy is released (some as heat, some captured for later use)?
These two molecules are the reactants for cellular respiration.
What are oxygen and glucose?
Describe how human activity (like burning fossil fuels) creates a positive feedback effect on the carbon cycle.
What is humans release CO2, temperature rises due to the greenhouse effect, permafrost melts/oceans warm, even more CO2 is released?
(Other answers accepted)
An environmental toxin is introduced to a tissue culture that prevents spindle fibers from shortening during the cell cycle. Identify which specific phase of mitosis is disrupted and explain why the resulting daughter cells would fail to function.
What is Anaphase?