Vocabulary
Classification
Cells
Denim Genes
Chemistry of Life
100
3 components of Cell Theory
1. Basic unit of all living things 2. cells come from cells 3. all living things are made of one or more cells
100
Classification system in which each species is assigned a two part scientific name
What is binomial nomenclature
100
What happens to a cell in a hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solution?
isotonic -water moves in and out of cell in equal amounts. hypotonic- water moves into cell normal state for plant cells, animal cells burst open and die. hypertonic- water moves out, cells die.
100
double strand-single strand; stays in nucleus-travels; deoxyribose-ribose; thyamine-uracil
What are the differences between DNA and RNa
100
Building blocks of carbs, lipids, protein and nucleic acids
Carbs-simple sugars; Lipids-glycerol and fatty acids; proteins- amino acids; nucleic acids-nucleotides
200
Linneau's system of classification in order from smallest to largest
Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
200
The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms
What is phylogeny
200
Name the difference between diffusion, facilitated diffusion and active transport.
diffusion is passive transport, no energy involved. high concentrations to to low concentrations O and CO2 diffuse across cell membrane. FD- passive transport, protein carriers move things across membrane(glucose). AT- needs energy-low concentrations to high - Ma/K pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis.
200
3 kinds of RNA and their functions in protein synthesis
mRNA- makes a complimentary copy of DNA(recipe for protein) and leaves nucleus to go to a ribosome in cytoplasm. tRNA brings in the Amino Acid to make protein. rRna is in ribosome and makes sure proper AA transferred in and then seals AA with a peptide bond.
200
Function of carbs, lipids, proteins, enzymes, and nucleic acids
enzyme- speeds up reactions; carbs- 1st source of energy, also part of cell wall; proteins- allow for muscle movement, antibodies, cell; markers, enzymes, pigments, neurotransmitters, receptors, hormones, in hair, fingernails; lipids- cushions organs, insulate, 2nd source of energy, in cell membrane, waxes on leaves; nucleic acids- DNA- genetic info, RNA-protein synthesis
300
study of life
What is biology
300
Group of similar organisms that breed and produce fertile offspring
What is species
300
How Ion channels and sodium-potassium pumps work
ion channels- passive transport. Protein channels are specific to the ion (charged particle) it moves in and out of the cell membrane. sodium/potassium pumps move Na and K+ against its concentration gradient - low to high concentration
300
Mutation, what the heck is that?
A change in DNA. Can be chromosomal which changes the entire chromosome affecting many genes or it can be a gene mutation which affects one or more nucleotides.
300
pH scale name the numbers for acid, neutral, and base
0-7 7 7-14
400
Process does not require oxygen to be present. Process that requires oxygen to be present.
What is anaerobic respiration, and aerobic respiration
400
Name the organisms that produces its own food. Name the organisms that gets energy from food it consumes
What are autotrophs and heterotrophs
400
different forms of active transport
What are phagocytosis, pinocytosis, endocytosis and exocytosis
400
Am I repeating myself? DNA replication, replication, replication.
DNA uncoils and unzips along weak hydrogen bonds between bases. Nucleotides in nucleus make a complimentary strand using original strand of DNA as a template. Polymerase makes sure correct nucleotides were brought in and then seals bases together with hydrogen bonds, 2 new strand of DNA are identical to original strand.
400
dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis
Dehydration removes water and makes a large molecule. Hydration adds water and break apart large organic molecules into building blocks
500
Data the uses numbers, can be measured. Data that can't be measured
What is quantitative and qualitative data
500
Cells without a nucleus. Cells with a nucleus.
What is prokaryotic and eukaryotic
500
Phagocytosis Pinocytosis Endocytosis Exocytosis Concentration gradient
Phago- cell eating, transport large molecules into cell using vacuole. Pino- cell drinking bringing in liquid or small vacuole into cell using vacuole. Endo- cell brings in macro molecules into cell membrane and folds inward. Exc - movement f molecules out of cell reverse of endo- removes waste this way, too. difference in concentration of materials across a space.
500
One gene-one polypeptide hypothesis....huh?
Can't say one gene-one protein because some proteins are made of more than one polypeptide chain, like hemoglobin.
500
factors that change the reaction rates of enzymes
What is temperature, pH, amount of enzyme and amount of substrate?
M
e
n
u