Chemistry of Life 1
The four types of biological macromolecules.
What are nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids?
Small molecules that bond together to form macromolecules. (general term)
What are monomers?
Cells that contain one circular chromosome, and only have ribosomes for organelles.
What are prokaryotic cells?
The diffusion of water.
What is osmosis?
The shape of a DNA molecule.
What is a double helix?
DNA and RNA are examples of this macromolecule.
What are nucleic acids?
Enzymes belong to this class of macromolecule.
What are proteins?
What is needs to happen during Interphase so cells can undergo Mitosis?
What is DNA replication?
The site of protein synthesis in both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells.
What are ribosomes?
The three parts of a DNA nucleotide
What are deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base?
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions inside the body. They often end in the suffix "-ase."
What are enzymes?
Amino acids are the monomer of this macromolecule.
What are proteins?
This type of cell transport moves material against the concentration gradient. (From low to high)
What is active transport?
Large or polar molecules move down their concentration gradient, through a transmembrane protein.
What is facilitated diffusion?
A long stretch of DNA that codes for a trait.
What is a gene?
This specific type of lipid molecule is the major component in the cell's membrane. It contains a polar phosphate head group, and nonpolar fatty acid tails.
What is a phospholipid?
When proteins unfold and lose their 3D structure due to high temperatures or drastic changes in pH.
What is "denature?"
Non-sister chromatids swap genetic information during meiosis.
What is crossing over?
Cell division that results in 4, haploid, genetically unique daughter cells.
What is meiosis?
DNA replication is called _____ - ___________. This is why it results in a DNA molecule that has one old strand and one newly made strand.
This macromolecule is made up of monosaccharide monomers.
What are carbohydrates?
Enzymes work best at specific pH levels and temperatures. We call this their ___________ range.
What is "optimal?"
A diploid two cell mass that results from a sperm cell fertilizing an egg.
What is a zygote?
Saline IV solutions at the hospital hydrate your body cells without causing the cells to shrink or enlarge in size. This is because saline is an ___________ solution.
What is "isotonic?"
The name of the enzyme that creates new DNA strands during DNA replication.
What is DNA polymerase?