Cell Structures
What is rough ER?
ER that is dotted with ribosomes
What is inside a leucoplast?
Starch or other carbohydrates; also oils and proteins
What do we call a protein with a sugar attached to it?
Glycoprotein
What is one organelle that animal cells have that plant cells do not?
Lysosome; centrioles
What is the term for a cell engulfing large, solid particles or other cells?
Phagocytosis
What do we call a larger membrane-bound organelle used for storage of food, water, or waste?
Vacuole
What color pigments do chromoplasts contain?
Yellow, orange, or red pigments used in photosynthesis.
What is a phospholipid?
A lipid with a phosphate group instead of one of the fatty acids
What is one organelle that plant cells have that animal cells do not have?
Central vacuole; chloroplast or any plastids
Why should red blood cells not be put into pure water?
They will burst because of excess internal pressure as the water rushes into the cell.
What do we call a double-membrane-bound organelles found in the cells of plants, algae, and some protozoa, generally involved in either the manufacture or storage of food?
Plastid
What color pigments do chloroplasts contain? What is the name of the pigment?
Green: Chlorophyll
Why can the plasma membrane easily reassemble if broken?
The hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends automatically rearrange themselves to avoid or attract water
What is the difference between excretion and egestion?
Excretion - Ability to remove soluble metabolic waste from cell
Egestion - Ability to remove non-soluble, undigested waste from cell
What is cytoplasmic streaming?
The motion of cytoplasm in a cell that results in a coordinated movement of the cell’s content
What do we call ER that has no ribosomes but produces other chemicals such as lipids, hormones, and steroids, and also inactivates harmful byproducts of other cell processes?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
What is the general term for storage organelles in plants, algae, or protozoa, and includes leucoplasts and chromoplasts?
Plastids
What is the slogan you can use to remember the direction water will move during osmosis?
"Let's go in and dilute the solute!"
What is an isotonic solution?
A solution that has the same solute concentration (and water concentration) relative to another solution.
In which organelle do the cell's hydrolysis reactions take place?
Lysosome
What is the small region near the nucleus that is the main or organizing site for microtubules; in animal cells, it contains the two centrioles?
Centrosome
What is the thin film between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells?
Middle lamella
Define osmosis
The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration (low solute concentration) to low water concentration (high solute concentration).
If you put an egg (with shell dissolved) in a hypertonic solution, which way would the water travel?
Out of the egg and into the hypertonic solution
This is nicknamed "cell drinking" and it occurs when a cell absorbs extracellular fluid containing dissolved particles.
Pinocytosis