Surprise biolody
A chain of monomers which are small molecules.
Are phospholipids hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
They are amphipathic. Hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail.
Electrons on the outer most shell of an atom.
What do atoms consist of?
Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
What are the nucleotides?
DNA, RNA, ATP(Adenosine 5′-triphosphate), cAMP (Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate)
weight of an element on the periodic table
Atomic mass
Why are lipids hydrophobic?
Because they are non-polar and are only attracted to other non-polar molecules. Water is a polar molecules. They also don't have a charge.
What is the hydrogen bond?
What do phospholipids do if put in water?
The heads will be attracted to water and the tails will try to shield itself from water, this creates a bilayer. There is no chemical reaction.
What's dehydration reaction?
When 2 molecules combine to form a larger molecule and results in the loss of water.
Difference between covalent and ionic bonds?
Covalent bonds - share electrons. Ionic bonds - Atom gives electron(s) to another element
What is 2 phosphates group that break off from a nucleotide, and leave behind 1 phosphate group that now has enough energy to form a bond with the hydroxyl group in a growing DNA/RNA chain.
Factors that can affect enzyme activity
pH, temperature, salt, inhibitors(competitive and non-competative_, enzyme activators, cleaving an enzyme, and covalent bonds.
Nucleotides found in DNA
adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine
This nucleic acid is single-stranded, contains the bases A, U, G, and C, and is needed for protein synthesis
RNA
Non-competitive inhibitor that attaches to enzyme?
allosteric molecule
How do you know if an atom is very electronegative?
fat or fatty acid in which there is at least one double bond with the fatty acid chain
unsaturated fats
Area where a substrate interacts with an enzyme
Active site
amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction is known as
activation energy
What are the dehydration bonds called?
Peptide bond, Glycosidic Linkages, Ester Linkages, Phosphodiester
Adding acid to a solution does what to the pH?
It decreases the pH and increases the (H+)
What properties of water make life possible?
Solvent properties, high heat capacity, high surface tension, adhesiveness, cohesiveness and ability to dissolve polar molecules.
What are hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, and amino groups?
Hydroxyl = -OH
Carbonyl = C=O
Carboxyl = -COOH
Amino = -NH2
Enzymes are _____ that facilitate the chemical reactions needed for cellular work
Proteins