Lesson 1: Darwin's Theory of Evolution
Change in a species over time.
Evolution
Early stage of development of a plant or animal.
Embryo
Change in a trait based on competition for mates.
Sexual Selection
Alternate form of a gene.
allele
Process by which a breeder selects a plant or animal to have certain traits.
Artificial Selection/Selective Breeding
Measurement of how apt an organism is to reproduce and pass on traits.
Fitness
Process of a large population declining in numbers then rebounding to a large number again.
Bottleneck
Mechanism that operates prior to fertilization.
Prezygotic isolating mechanism
Occurs in nature when organisms with favorable variations survive, reproduce, and pass their variations on.
Natural Selection
Study of the distribution of plants and animals on Earth.
Biogeography
Allele frequencies remain the same unless acted upon by a factor.
Named after two dudes.
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
Species originate through a gradual change of adaptations.
Gradualism
What are the four basic principles of natural selection? I'll give you 100 points each.
1. Show variation.
2. Variations are inherited.
3. More young are born than can be supported.
4. Variations that increase success increase over time.
Homologous Structure
Speciation without any barriers.
Speciation with barriers.
200 points each.
Sympatric
Allopatric
An earthquake causes a change in a mountain range over many centuries, isolating members of the same species from one another. Is this allopatric or sympatric speciation?
Allopatric
What was the name of the ship Darwin voyaged with to the Galapagos Islands?
HMS Beagle
Structures with a similar function but different form and not arising from a common ancestor.
Analagous Structures
Random evolution that occurs in a small, separate subpopulation.
Founder Effect
What is the name of Darwin's book?
Origin of Species