Cellular Energy
What is the primary molecule used for energy in the cell?
ATP
What is the ultimate source of energy on Earth?
The Sun
What is the primary organelle where cellular respiration takes place?
Mitochondria
What are the reactants for cellular respiration?
Glucose and Oxygen
Respiration that requires oxygen.
What organism depends on an external source of organic compounds to build energy.
Heterotroph
What is a waste product in photosynthesis?
Oxygen
Which part of cellular respiration does NOT occur in the mitochondria?
Glycolysis
What are the reactants for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide and water
What kind of organism converts light energy form the Sun into chemical energy?
photoautotroph
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed.
What is the internal membrane of the chloroplast that is organized into flattened sacs?
thylakoids
In which molecule is most of the energy of glucose stored at the end of glycolysis?
Where do the light-independent (dark) reactions of photosynthesis occur?
The Stroma
What are the openings on the underside of a leaf?
Stomata
Is photosynthesis an anabolic or catabolic pathway?
Anabolic
What TWO molecules provide the energy used to synthesize carbohydrates during the Calvin cycle?
ADP and NADPH
List the two types of fermentation (200 points for each).
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Alcohol Fermentation
Catabolic pathway that breaks molecules into energy.
Cellular Respiration
What is another term to refer to the 'squashed' accordion like stacks of membranes inside the mitochondria?
Matrix
Is cellular respiration an anabolic or catabolic pathway?
catabolic
What enzyme converts inorganic carbon dioxide into organic molecules that can be used by the cell?
Rubisco
What part of the cellular respiration formula is produced when the electrons leave the electron transport chain and bind to the final electorn acceptor?
Anabolic pathway that builds molecules of stored energy.
Photosynthesis
Describe the structure of ATP and how that relates to it's role as a 'battery' for life.
Three phosphate groups form the 'tail'. The bond between the 2nd and 3rd breaks, releasing energy to turn it to ADP. Then, a series of reactions can reform the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate to 'recharge' the battery and store new energy.