What is the fluid-like solution on the inside of the mitochondria? (similar to cytoplasm)
Matrix
100
What is the full unabbreviated name of DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
100
What is the 3-letter sequence of the start codon?
For a bonus 100 pts: what is the amino acid that it codes for? (The 3 letter abbreviation will count)
AUG- codes for methionine, Met
100
Most plant viruses are (RNA/DNA) viruses. (slide 10.18)
RNA viruses
100
What is an enzyme?
Bonus 50 pts: what are most enzymes made of?
A substance that acts as a catalyst for a biochemical reaction. Most are made of proteins.
200
What is the folding of the inner mitochondrial membrane called?
Cristae
200
If an -OH is found on the 2' Carbon of the 5 carbon sugar of a nucleotide, is it RNA or DNA?
RNA
200
Are introns or exons KEPT when DNA is being transcribed to mRNA?
Exons are kept, Introns leave the strand.
200
Name two of the three stop codons. (Just the 3 letter sequence)
UAA, UAG, UGA
200
What is the name of the enzyme that adds nucleotides to a growing nucleic acid chain?
DNA polymerase
300
What are the 3-letter sequences that are found on tRNA? Hint: Not the 3 letter sequences in mRNA
Anti-codon. Codons are the 3-letter mRNA sequences.
300
In RNA, what is the complementary base of Adenine? i.e., what does Adenine bond to?
Uracil
300
What is DNA---> DNA called?
What is DNA ---> RNA?
What is RNA --->Amino Acid?
(100 pts each)
Replication, Transcription, Translation
300
"Deletions" and "insertions" can cause what?
mutations.
300
What is the name of the enzyme that joins small fragments of nucleotides into a continuous chain? (in replication)
DNA ligase
400
There are three stages within translation. The first is initiation, what are the next two stages? 200 pts for each term.
initiation, elongation*, termination*.
400
How many H bonds connect Guanine and Cytosine? How many connect Adenine and Thymine?
G-C = 3 H bonds
A-T = 2 H bonds
400
What is the "tail" on the end of mRNA called?
Poly A tail
400
T/F A base substitution will always result in a phenotypical mutation.
False- Two different codon sequences can code for the same amino acid. It is possible to have a "silent mutation"
400
What enzyme acts as the "zipper" to separate the DNA strands into two?
DNA helicase
500
What do the lowercase letters stand for in the following: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
m=messenger, t=transfer, r=ribosomal
500
Name the purines and pyrimides. Full names.
For a bonus 100 pts, what is the difference between purines and pyrimidines?
Purine= Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidine= Cytosine and Thymine
Difference= A and G have 2 rings, C and T have 1 ring
500
One strand of DNA is 5' to 3', and the other is 3' to 5'. What is this "opposite direction" arrangement called?
Antiparallel
500
What are the two letters that represent the two binding sites of the large ribosomal subunit?
P and A
500
I ran out of enzyme questions. So, why is DNA replication considered "semi-conservative?"
When DNA is replicated, the two original (old) strands are separated and connected with two new strands.