Biology Project

1

100

•Building blocks are simple sugars

•Long term energy

•Sugar, starch, cellulose, glucose, fructose, ribose, lactose

•Breads, pasta, protein

•CHO

•Monosaccharides

Carbohydrates

200

•Building block: fatty acids + glycerol

•Fats, oils. waxes, triglycerides, cholesterol, steroids

•CHO (not 1:2:1)

•Hydrophobic, nonpolar, can't dissolve in H2O

•Protects internal organs

•Exists in saturated/unsaturated forms

•2x the energy in carbs

•Insulation/waterproofing (keeps things out of cell)

Lipids

300

•Building blocks: amino acids

•CHON (sometimes sulfur)

•Most abundant macromolecule in living things

•Peptide bonds

•Put together by ribosomes

•Enzymes, hormones, hemoglobin

•Function determined by shape

•Carries out cell functions

Proteins

400

•Building blocks: nucleotides

•CHONP

•Composed of sugars, phosphate, and nitrogen bases

•DNA+RNA

•Storage of genetic information

Nucleic Acids

500

•Building blocks of lipids

•Joins in groups of 3, forms molecule called triglyceride

•Energy source / makes up membrane

Fatty acids

2

100

•Production of energy, muscle and nerve function 

•These bases are found in nucleic acids (not nitrogen)

Phosphate

200

•Examples: Glucose, fructose, ribose, deoxyribose, lactose

•Typically in carbs (carbohydrates)

•Used for energy

Sugars

300

•Long chains of sugars

•Source of sugar

•Amylase breaks this down for energy (in animals)

Starch

400

•The sugars in RNA/DNA

•Found in nucleic acids

•Building blocks of the BACKBONE chains in nucleic acids

Ribose/Deoxyribose

500

•Official word for the building blocks of macromolecules

Monomer

3

100

•The strong bonds between the sugars, phosphates, and nitrogen bases in nucleic acids (DNA strands)

Covalent bonds

200

•Stands for deoxyribose nucleic acid

•Stores the genetic information of a cell

•Composed of sugars, phosphates, and nitrogen bases

•Contains the bases Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine

DNA

300

•Contains ribose sugar

•Used for protein synthesis

•Composed of m___, t___, and r___

•Contains the bases Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, and Cytosine

RNA

400

•The making of proteins

•Uses transcription and translation

•Eventually created polypeptide chains

Protein synthesis

500

•The building blocks of proteins

•Carried and connected by tRNA

Amino acids

4

100

•Building blocks of nucleic acids

•Composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogen base

Nucleotide

200

•Any sugar that cannot be broken down into any other sugar

•Simplest sugar unit

Monosaccharides

300

•Connected to a phosphate and a sugar to create a nucleotide

•Examples: Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine (Uracil in RNA)

Nitrogen containing bases

400

•A weak bond to hold nucleotides together

Hydrogen bond

500

•The elements that CHONP stands for

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus

5

100

•The principle source of energy for cells

Carbohydrates

200

•This occurs in the nucleus, transcribing DNA into mRNA

Transcription

300

•This occurs outside of the nucleus in the cytoplasm, translating mRNA into proteins

Translation

400

•The enzyme that unzips a DNA strand

Helicase

500

•This nitrogenous base is a substitute for Thymine in RNA

Uracil