Energy Flow
What is the primary source of energy for all living organisms?
What is the sun?
What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
What is 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + light -> C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2?
What is the primary purpose of cellular respiration?
What is to convert glucose into ATP?
What is DNA replication?
What is the process of copying DNA before cell division?
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
What is DNA -> RNA -> Protein?
Name the process by which plants convert sunlight into chemical energy.
What is photosynthesis?
Name the organelle where photosynthesis occurs.
What is the chloroplast?
What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?
What is C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 -> 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP?
Name the enzyme responsible for unwinding the DNA helix.
What is helicase?
Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?
What is the nucleus?
Describe the flow of energy through an ecosystem.
What is energy flows from producers to consumers and then to decomposers?
What are the two main stages of photosynthesis?
What are the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle?
Name the three main stages of cellular respiration.
What are glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain?
What are the building blocks of DNA?
What are nucleotides?
What is the process of translation?
What is the process where ribosomes create proteins using mRNA as a template?
What role do decomposers play in the energy flow of an ecosystem?
What are they break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients back into the soil?
How do environmental factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?
What are factors like light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and temperature can increase or decrease the rate?
How many ATP are produced in aerobic cellular respiration?
What is 36-38 ATP?
Explain the role of DNA polymerase in replication.
What is it adds complementary nucleotides to the growing DNA strand?
Name the three types of RNA involved in protein synthesis.
What are messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
Explain how energy is transferred through food chains and food webs.
What is energy is transferred from one trophic level to another, with energy loss at each level?
Explain the importance of photosynthesis to life on Earth.
What is it produces oxygen and organic compounds that are essential for life?
Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
What is aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces more ATP, while anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and produces less ATP?
Describe the significance of the semi-conservative nature of DNA replication.
What is each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one new strand, ensuring genetic continuity?
Explain how mutations can affect protein synthesis.
What is mutations can change the amino acid sequence, potentially altering protein function?