CELLS
BIOCHEMISTRY
GENETICS
EVOLUTION
ECOLOGY
100
Which sequence represents the levels of biological organization from smallest to largest? (1) organism → cell → tissue → organelle → organ system → organ (2) organ system → organ → organism → cell → tissue → organelle (3) organelle → organ system → cell → organism → tissue → organ (4) organelle → cell → tissue → organ → organ system → organism
(4) organelle → cell → tissue → organ → organ system → organism
100
The temporary storage of energy in ATP molecules is part of which process? (1) cell division (2) cellular respiration (3) protein synthesis (4) DNA replication
(2) cellular respiration
100
Selective breeding is a technique that is used to (1) give all organisms a chance to reproduce (2) produce organisms from extinct species (3) produce offspring with certain desirable traits (4) keep farm crops free of all mutations
(3) produce offspring with certain desirable traits
100
Ancestors of the giant panda had rounded paws with five very short toes. Today, the giant panda has a sixth toe, often referred to as a thumb, even though it develops from a wrist bone. This unique thumb is an adaptation that allows the panda to easily hold and eat bamboo shoots. The presence of the giant panda’s thumb is most likely the result of (1) natural selection (2) selective breeding (3) asexual reproduction (4) ecological succession
(1) natural selection
100
1 Which phrase is an example of autotrophic nutrition? (1) a cow eating grass in a field (2) a mushroom digesting a dead log (3) an apple tree making its own food (4) a tapeworm feeding in the body of a dog
(3) an apple tree making its own food
200
In a cell, protein synthesis is the primary function of (1) ribosomes (2) mitochondria (3) chloroplasts (4) vacuoles
(1) ribosomes
200
Carbon dioxide makes up less than 1 percent of Earth’s atmosphere, and oxygen makes up about 20 percent. These percentages are maintained most directly by (1) respiration and photosynthesis (2) the ozone shield (3) synthesis and digestion (4) energy recycling in ecosystems
(1) respiration and photosynthesis
200
Which mutation in a fruit fly could be passed on to its offspring? (1) a mutation in a cell of an eye that changes the color of the eye (2) a mutation in a leg cell that causes the leg to be shorter (3) a mutation in a sperm cell that changes the shape of the wing (4) a mutation in a cell of the digestive tract that produces a different enzyme
(3) a mutation in a sperm cell that changes the shape of the wing
200
A population of animals is permanently split by a natural barrier into two separate populations in different environments. What will likely result after a long period of time? (1) The evolution of the two populations will be identical. (2) The production of variations will stop in the two populations. (3) The two populations will evolve into separate species. (4) Autotrophic nutrition will replace heterotrophic nutrition in the two populations.
(3) The two populations will evolve into separate species.
200
By studying the chemicals in rare plants that grow only in rain forests, scientists hope to discover new life-saving medicines. Chances of finding such new medicines are reduced by (1) predation by carnivores (2) homeostasis in organisms (3) recycling of materials in food webs (4) loss of species due to human activities
(4) loss of species due to human activities
300
On hot, dry days, guard cells often close microscopic openings in plant leaves, conserving water. This is an example of (1) environmental factors causing gene mutation in plants (2) finite resources acting as selecting agents for evolution (3) a feedback mechanism for maintaining homeostasis (4) differentiation in plants as a result of stimuli
(3) a feedback mechanism for maintaining homeostasis
300
Which statement describes starches, fats, proteins, and DNA? (1) They are used to store genetic information. (2) They are complex molecules made from smaller molecules. (3) They are used to assemble larger inorganic materials. (4) They are simple molecules used as energy sources.
(2) They are complex molecules made from smaller molecules.
300
A liver cell can make enzymes that a heart cell can not make because liver cells (1) digest large, complex molecules (2) contain more DNA than heart cells (3) use different genes than the heart cells use (4) remove carbon dioxide from blood
(3) use different genes than the heart cells use
300
When a species includes organisms with a wide variety of traits, it is most likely that this species will have (1) a high proportion of individuals immune to genetic diseases (2) a greater chance to survive if environmental conditions suddenly change (3) less success competing for resources (4) limitless supplies of important resources, such as food and water
(2) a greater chance to survive if environmental conditions suddenly change
300
Competition for biotic resources can be illustrated by organisms fighting for a limited amount of (1) air to breathe (2) water to drink (3) mates for breeding (4) space for nesting
(3) mates for breeding
400
Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primary function? (1) ribosome–protein synthesis (2) mitochondrion–movement (3) vacuole–cell division (4) nucleus–storage of nutrients
(1) ribosome–protein synthesis
400
Many biological catalysts, hormones, and receptor molecules are similar in that, in order to function properly, they must (1) interact with each other at a high pH (2) interact with molecules that can alter their specific bonding patterns (3) contain amino acid chains that fold into a specific shape (4) contain identical DNA base sequences
(3) contain amino acid chains that fold into a
400
Cotton plants produce seeds that contain high-quality protein. This protein could be used as a food source except that the seeds are poisonous to humans. Recently, scientists have inserted a section of DNA into the cotton plants that makes the cotton seeds nonpoisonous. The technique for this procedure is known as (1) gene manipulation (2) cloning (3) reproduction (4) direct harvesting
(1) gene manipulation
400
Buffalo grass is a species of plant found on the grazing prairies of Wyoming. It is a tough grass that has silicates (compounds containing oxygen and silicon) that reinforce its leaves. For hundreds of years, this grass has survived in an adverse environment. Which statement best explains the presence of this grass today? (1) There are no variations in this grass species that help it to survive in an adverse environment. (2) Silicates are necessary for photosynthesis. (3) The current species has no mutations. (4) The silicates in the grass have given the species an advantage in its environment.
(4) The silicates in the grass have given the species an advantage in its environment.
400
Which process initially provides the link between an abiotic factor and the energy needs of an entire ecosystem? (1) respiration (2) photosynthesis (3) decomposition (4) predation
(2) photosynthesis
500
The ability of estrogen to affect certain cells depends directly on (1) amino acids (2) receptor molecules (3) gametes (4) nerve cells
(2) receptor molecules
500
The enzyme amylase will affect the breakdown of carbohydrates, but it will not affect the breakdown of proteins. The ability of an enzyme molecule to interact with specific molecules is most directly determined by the (1) shapes of the molecules involved (2) number of molecules involved (3) sequence of bases present in ATP (4) amount of glucose present in the cell
(1) shapes of the molecules involved
500
Coded instructions that are passed from one generation to the next can be most directly changed by the processes of (1) passive transport, natural selection, and synthesis (2) selective breeding, replication, and absorption (3) recombination, mutation, and genetic engineering (4) evolution, reproduction, and digestion
(3) recombination, mutation, and genetic engineering
500
Which statement is best supported by the theory of evolution? (1) Genetic alterations occur every time cell reproduction occurs. (2) The fossil record provides samples of every organism that ever lived. (3) Populations that have advantageous characteristics will increase in number. (4) Few organisms survive when the environment remains the same.
(3) Populations that have advantageous characteristics will increase in number.
500
If only one type of tree is planted in an abandoned field, the ecosystem will (1) evolve quickly and become extinct (2) be unable to reach dynamic equilibrium (3) contain little genetic variability (4) be unable to cycle materials
(3) contain little genetic variability
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