Cell Structure
The cell.
What is a prokaryotic cell?
What is the purpose of a microscope?
To magnify small objects to make them visible.
What is the plasma membrane and what is its function?
The outer boundary of the cell that controls movement in and out.
What is the function of the mitochondrion?
To generate ATP, the energy currency of the cell.
What do all cells have?
A plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA.
True or False: Bacteria are single-celled eukaryotes.
False. They are prokaryotes.
Define depth of field.
The vertical distance within a specimen that appears in sharp focus at one time.
Define selective permeability.
The property of a membrane that allows certain substances to pass while blocking others.
What are chloroplasts for?
To conduct photosynthesis to convert light energy into chemical energy.
What structure regulates what enters and exits the cell?
The plasma membrane.
What is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and complex organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.
How do you calculate total magnification?
The ocular lens magnification times the objective lens magnification.
What is the difference between active and passive transport?
Active transport requires energy (ATP) while passive transport does not.
True or False: DNA is contained in the nucleolus.
False. DNA is contained in the nucleus, the nucleolus makes _____.
Name one function of the cell wall.
Provides protection, maintains cell shape, and prevents excessive water loss/uptake.
What do plant cells contain in addition to all of the organelles found in eukaryotic cells?
Chloroplasts, cell walls, central vacuole.
When would you use a compound vs dissecting microscope?
Dissecting: for lower magnification of larger, opaque, 3D samples; light comes from _____ sample.
A type of active transport in which large substances contained in vesicles inside the cell fuse with the cell membrane and the material is put outside the cell.
What is the function of lysosomes?
To break down waste materials and cellular debris.
What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?
To synthesize proteins.
True or False: Plant cells are autotrophic.
True.
True or False: As magnification increases, both the depth of field and field of view decrease.
True.
Describe osmosis.
A type of passive transport in which water moves across a semi-permeable membrane from low to high solute concentration.
Describe the difference between the Rough ER and Smooth ER.
Rough ER: ribosomes attached; protein synthesis Smooth ER: no ribosomes; lipids and carbohydrates