Biology
What macromolecule is not used as energy for the body?
Nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)
In what organelle does cellular respiration occur?
Mitochondria
Cell membranes are made of two layers of these molecules that have a head and a tail.
Phospholipids
Which macromolecules store energy long term?
What is the basic unit of life?
Cells
Dominant always shows up if present; is represented by an uppercase letter.
Recessive traits only show up if 2 are present; represented by a lowercase letter.
What is the function of the Nucleus?
Stores and protects DNA from damage
Which molecule is the energy currency of the cell?
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Called the father of modern genetics, this man did a lot with a little pea.
Gregor Mendel
The process by which water moves through the cell membrane to balance out a high concentration of solutes.
osmosis
What is the monomer of starch and glycogen?
Monosaccharides (single sugars)
The movement of molecules across cell membranes from high to low concentration without the need for energy input
passive transport (diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis)
What are the phases of mitosis in order?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (Cytokinesis)
What are the three steps of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, ETC
List 3 characteristics that make DNA and RNA different.
DNA - deoxyribose sugar; RNA - ribose sugar
DNA - double stranded; RNA - single strand
DNA - bases A, T, C, G; RNA - bases A, U, C, G
DNA - lives in the nucleus; RNA - lives in the cytoplasm
The legs of crocodiles and cats have similar bone structures and develop in a similar way which indicates a common ancestor. What are these considered?
homologous structures
What carbohydrate is responsible for cell rigidity and structural support in plant cells?
cellulose
What is the Cellular Respiration equation?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 32/34 ATP
What type of cell is a chloroplast found in?
Plant cell
What type of movement across a cell's membrane requires energy supplied by ATP and moves materials from low to high concentration.
Active transport
What are the two repeating units that make up the backbone of nucleic acids?
Sugar and Phosphate
Which molecules act as electron carriers during cellular respiration?
NADH and FADH2
What is the name for the protein structure that holds x shaped chromosomes together in the middle?
Centromere
What process occurs during prophase I and creates genetically unique daughter cells?
Crossing over
Which pigment molecule in plant cells collect solar energy?
Chlorophyll