Organic Molecules
Cellular Transport
Elements and Compounds of Life
Water/Acids and Bases
Cell Membrane
100
What is an organic molecule?
Molecules made up of carbon and hydrogen, and can include other elements.
100
What is passive transport?
Passive transport is the movement of molecules across a membrane without the cell expending any of its own energy. Molecules move from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
100
What is a substance that is made up of only one atom and cannot be broken down into simpler substances?
An element.
100
Define adhesion.
Water molecules bind to molecules other than water.
100
What is another name for the cell membrane?
Plasma membrane.
200
Monomers linked in a long chain form more complex ...?
Polymers.
200
Define equilibrium.
-when the concentration of the molecules is the same in both sides of the solution.
200
Why are elements considered pure substances?
Elements are considered pure substances because every sample of an element has the same properties. An element has a fixed or unchanging composition or makeup.
200
What is pH? If something has a pH of 3, is it acidic or basic?
pH = potential of hydrogen; determines if a substance is acidic or basic.
pH of 3 is acidic
200
What does the double layer of the cell membrane consist of?
Phospholipid bilayer.
300
Define monosaccharides and give two examples.
Simple (single) units of sugar molecules.
Glucose
Fructose
300
The image is an example of what type of transport?
Active transport using ion pumps. The image shows a sodium-potassium pump which helps neurons intake higher concentrations of potassium.
300
What is an atom? List the 3 subatomic particles found in an atom with their charges.
An atom is the smallest unit of matter.
Protons - positive
Neutrons - neutral
Electrons - negative
300
List 3 characteristics of water.
Surface tension
Cohesion
Adhesion
300
How is the phospholipid bilayer hydrophobic and hydrophilic? What does each mean?
The tails are hydrophobic and repel water, while the heads are hydrophilic and attract water.
400
Why does the color of a potato change to dark blue when iodine is added to it?
Potatoes contain starch, which is a polysaccharide. The iodine reacts with the starch and it changes color.
400
What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?
Endocytosis - cell transports large molecules into the cell.
Exocytosis - vesicles carry material out of the cell via the cell membrane.
400
What is a mixture?
What is the chemical formula for a mixture of salt water?
A mixture is made up of different compounds and/or elements that are mixed but are not chemically bonded to each other.
H2O + NaCl
400
Give an example of an acid and base found in household items.
Citric acid
sodium hydroxide
400
What is this model called? Why?
Fluid mosaic model - the cell membrane is a dynamic moving structure.
500
List the four main organic macromolecules and give examples.
Nucleic Acids - DNA, RNA
Carbohydrates - glucose, starch
Amino Acids - Glycine
Lipids - phospholipids, cholesterol
500
List the three types of tonicity (concentration of dissolves particles).
Isotonic - concentration is same on the outside and inside of the cell.
Hypertonic - concentration of particles is higher outside the cell than inside.
Hypotonic - concentration of particles inside the cell is higher than outside.
500
How many elements occur naturally in Earth's land and water? Of them, about how many are found in living organisms, and what are the 6 essentials ones needed for life?
92 elements
25 are found in living organisms
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur
500
How many total protons, neutrons and electrons does Carbon have? What is its atomic number and number of valence electrons?
6 protons
6 neutrons
6 electrons
atomic number = 6
4 valence electrons
500
List 3 factors which determine whether a molecule can cross the cell membrane.
Size
Concentration
Polarity