Molecules
Cells
Organisms
Ecosystems
Random
100
What is the basic unit of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharide
100
State 3 differences between an animal and plant cell.
Plant cell has a cell wall/large central vacuole and chloroplasts.
100
What is the primary method of asexual reproduction?
The primary method of asexual reproduction is binary fission (in prokaryotes) or mitosis (in eukaryotes like protists and fungi).
100
What is the difference between a niche and a habitat?
Niche - role of the organism (job)
Habitat - where the organism lives (address)
100
How many bones in the human body?
206
200
Define the term "macromolecule" and list the four main types.
A macromolecule is a large molecule composed of smaller subunits. The four main types are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
200
Explain the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in a cell.
Protein synthesis and transport.
200
Give an example of positive and negative feedback in the human body.
Positive - oxytocin and contractions during labour
Negative - temperature regulation
200
Define biodiversity and explain why it is important.
Biodiversity is the variety of life in an area. It promotes ecosystem resilience, stability, and adaptability.
200
How many hair follicles does the average human head have?
100 000
300
Describe the structure and function of a phospholipid in cell membranes.
A phospholipid has a hydrophilic phosphate head and two hydrophobic fatty acid tails. It forms the bilayer of cell membranes, providing structure and controlling substance movement.
300
Describe the process of osmosis and its importance to cells.
Osmosis is the passive movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane, from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration, until equilibrium is reached.
Maintains cell shape and volume
Regulates internal conditions
Essential for nutrient and waste transport
300
What is the difference between incomplete and codominance.
Incomplete - heterozygous phenotype is a blend of the two alleles - red and white flowers produce pink
Codominance - both alleles are expressed - roan cows
300
Outline a method to estimate the population of motile organisms.
Capture the members of one species and count the population.
Mark the organisms.
Recapture members of the species and count them.
Count the marked organisms.
Use Lincoln's index to estimate population size.
300
How many skin cells does a human shed every hour?
600 000
400
Outline the 4 main steps of transcription.
1. Initiation
2. Elongation
3. Termination
4. Post transcriptional modifications.
400
Give an example of a unique human cell and how its structure is related to its function.
Ex: Red Blood Cell - no nucleus or organelles - more room for hemoglobin to carry oxygen
400
Outline a reflex arc.
A receptor responds to a specific stimulus
Sensory neurons relay this information to the CNS
the neural signal passes through interneurons. The interneuron determines if there is a response.
The signal moves to a motor neuron, which carries the signal to an effector such as a muscle or a gland.
The effector carries out the desired response.
400
State 3 processes can cause changes in allele frequencies within a population.
Mutations. Natural Selection. Genetic Drift. Migration. Non random mating (inbreeding)
400
How many different colours can a human see?
10 million
500
Draw and annotate 2 base pairs.
500
Outline the theory of the spontaneous origin of cells
Synthesis of Simple Organic Molecules
Assembly of Organic Molecules into Polymers
Formation of Membranes
Development of a Mechanism for Inheritance
500
Distinguish between the causes and treatment of Type I and II Diabetes.
Type I is an Autoimmune disorder – the immune system destroys insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreas and can be treated with insulin injections.
Type II is Insulin resistance – body cells do not respond properly to insulin; often linked to lifestyle factors. Treated by lifestyle changes (diet & exercise), oral medications, and sometimes insulin
500
Outline natural selection.
More individuals born than environment supports.
Leads to intraspecific competition.
The population will have variation.
Individuals with favourable traits will reproduce and pass on these traits to offspring.
500
How many different scents can the human nose detect?
100 trillion