Cell Structures
This organelle acts as a selectively permeable barrier, controlling entry and exit.
What is the cell membrane?
The level of organization directly above "tissue."
What is an organ?
This flexible tissue is found at joints and prevents bone-on-bone contact.
What is cartilage?
These blood vessels allow for the exchange of gases and nutrients.
What are capillaries?
This hormone regulates sugar levels and is produced in the pancreas.
What is insulin?
Found inside the nucleus, it produces ribosomes.
What is the nucleolus?
This tissue type sends electrical signals across the body.
What is nervous tissue?
The difference in structure and location between spongy and compact bone.
What is: Spongy bone is porous and found at the ends of bones; compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer?
Oxygenated blood enters the heart through this chamber.
The difference between a reflex arc and a regular impulse pathway.
What is: Reflex arc bypasses the brain for a faster response, involving spinal cord?
These are the site of protein synthesis and can be free-floating or attached to rough ER.
What are ribosomes?
The system responsible for filtering blood and maintaining fluid balance.
What is the urinary system?
Name the 3 types of muscles, where each is found, and their voluntary/involuntary status.
What are: Skeletal (voluntary, attached to bones), Cardiac (involuntary, heart), Smooth (involuntary, organs)?
What is the complete pathway of blood through the heart and lungs?
What is: Vena cava → Right atrium → Right ventricle → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Pulmonary vein → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Aorta → Body?
Define a zygote and explain how it's formed.
What is: A fertilized egg formed when a sperm unites with an egg?
The major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
What is the presence of a nucleus (and membrane-bound organelles)?
This system delivers hormones and regulates metabolism.
What is the endocrine system?
This structure connects bone to muscle and transmits the force to produce movement.
What is a tendon?
Explain the difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation.
What is: Pulmonary: heart to lungs and back; Systemic: heart to body and back?
Describe how the endocrine and nervous systems work together to maintain balance.
What is: The nervous system sends fast messages; the endocrine system sends slower, longer-lasting hormonal signals?
Name the three parts of the Cell Theory.
What are: 1) All living things are made of cells, 2) Cells are the basic units of structure and function, 3) All cells come from pre-existing cells?
Describe three examples of homeostasis in the body and how they are maintained.
What are: 1) Body temperature regulation (sweating or shivering), 2) Blood sugar regulation (insulin/glucagon), 3) Water balance (ADH control in kidneys)?
Name all five joint types and give an example of each.
What are: Hinge (elbow), Ball-and-socket (shoulder), Pivot (neck), Saddle (thumb), Gliding (wrist)?
This is the name of the process that keeps oxygen and carbon dioxide balanced in the body.
What is gas exchange/homeostasis via diffusion?
Compare and contrast sexual and asexual reproduction, including pros and cons.
What is: Sexual increases genetic diversity but slower; asexual is faster but identical offspring?