DNA Replication
Chromosomes are duplicated during what stage of the cell cycle?
S phase
Transcription is what part of the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA to RNA
The AUC and AUA codons in mRNA both specify isoleucine. What feature of the genetic code explains this?
degeneracy
Please explain Mendel's law of segregation
Gametes only carry one allele for a trait
The bond between a glycerol and long fatty acid chain is what?
An ester bond
If DNA of a particular species was analyzed and it was found that it contains 27 percent A, what would be the percentage of C?
23 percent
Please see screenshot for transcription problem
295bp
A template strand of DNA in a gene reads:
3' CCA AGC TCT 5'
Using the codon chart provided, what is the sequence of amino acids that is produced when this gene is translated?
Gly - Ser - Arg
Please explain Mendel's law of independent assortment.
During gametogenesis, alleles are distributed into gametes independently of one another. The inheritance of one trait typically does not affect another.
Name the process by which a damaged or abnormal cell initiates its own destruction as a result of internal or external signaling.
apoptosis
If both of the following strands are replicated, which will serve as a template strand?
5' - C - A - T - 3'
3' - G - T - A - 5'
Both
Please see screenshot for transcription problem
5' capping, intron splicing, potentially alternative splicing, and 3' poly-A tail
A deletion mutation occurs, leaving 50 bases in nucleotide sequence.
What is the maximum number of amino acids that could be coded for by this sequence?
16 amino acids
In leopards, being shy (S) is dominant to being sassy (s), and being timely (T) is dominant to being tardy (t).
A female leopard that is heterozygous for both the S and T trait mates with a male leopard that is also heterozygous for both traits. Both the S and T traits assort independently from one another.
3/16 or 18.75%
What is the role of the p53 gene?
Tumor suppressor gene, will initiate cell death if too many errors during DNA replication
You have a mutant DNA polymerase that is partially defective. In vitro experiments using the mutant DNA polymerase gives an error rate of 10-3, as compared to the expected error rate of 10-6. Which of the following activities is the mutant polymerase likely to be missing, as compared to the normal polymerase?
Proofreading activity, 3' to 5' exonuclease activity
You are given the following DNA template strand:
3′ - TAC CGA ATT CAG GCT AAC TGA TGC CGT ATC - 5′
Please transcribe this into mRNA and label its ends.
5′ - AUG GCU UAA GUC CGA UUG ACU ACG GCA UAG - 3′
You are given the following DNA coding strand:
5' - GGATGGCGAATGACTGACCC - 3'
What is the amino acid sequence?
5' - GG AUG GCG AAU GAC UGA CCC - 3'
Met–Ala–Asn–Asp
Please see screenshot for pedigree problem
Heterozygous
Name the three structural components of a cell-surface receptor.
Extracellular domain, transmembrane domain, and intracellular domain