Cell Structure & Function
This organelle controls the cell’s activities and contains the DNA.
What is the nucleus?
This macromolecule is made of simple sugars like glucose.
What are carbohydrates?
This molecule is the main energy currency produced during respiration.
What is ATP?
This organelle is where photosynthesis occurs.
What are chloroplast?
This is the phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows and DNA is copied.
What is interphase?
This structure is the “powerhouse of the cell,” producing ATP.
What is the mitochondria?
These macromolecules store genetic information and instructions for the cell.
What are nucleic acids?
This organelle is where most steps of aerobic respiration occur.
What is the mitochondria?
This pigment absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
What is chlorophyll?
During this mitosis phase, chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
What is metaphase?
This boundary controls what enters and leaves the cell through selective permeability.
What is the cell membrane?
Amino acids are the building blocks of this macromolecule.
What are proteins?
During vigorous exercise, muscle cells switch to lactic acid fermentation. These are two consequences of this switch.
Less ATP produced and lactic acid build up.
This gas is taken in by plants and used to build glucose.
What is carbon dioxide (CO2)
Cancer is often described as “uncontrolled cell division.” Explain what happens in the cell cycle to cause this.
Mutations disrupt checkpoints → cells divide without regulation. (or uncontrolled mitosis due to checkpoint disruption)
This structure exists in plant cells but not in animal cells.
What is the cell wall?
This macromolecule provides long-term energy storage and makes up cell membranes.
What are lipids?
The first step of cellular respiration that breaks glucose into pyruvate.
What is glycolysis?
These two molecules produced in the light-dependent reactions power the Calvin cycle.
What are ATP and NADPH?
A cell begins mitosis with 46 chromosomes. This is how many chromosomes each daughter cell will have and why.
What is 46 chromosomes because mitosis creates genetically identical daughter cells
This is a structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and explain how that difference affects their functions.
What is (linear vs. circular DNA; membrane-bound organelles vs not; etc.)
Enzymes belong to this macromolecule group and lower the activation energy of reactions.
What are proteins?
This process occurs when oxygen is absent, allowing glycolysis to continue by regenerating NAD⁺.
What is anaerobic respiration (or fermentation)
This is the name of the cycle where CO₂ is fixed and turned into sugars.
What is the Calvin cycle?
What structures attach to centromeres during mitosis to pull chromatids apart?
What are spindle fibers?