Chemistry Review
What are the components of an atom?
Protons, neutrons, electrons
What are the 4 major macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleid acids
What differentiates eukaryotes from prokaryotes?
Presence of membrane-bound organelles
What is an ionic bond?
Transfer of electrons; creates an ion
What is a polymer?
A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks; linked by covalent bonds
Where does cellular respiration occur?
Mitochondria
What is a polar covalent bond?
Unequal sharing of electrons towards the more electronegative atom, ex. water
What is an amphipathic molecule?
A molecule with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions; ex. phospholipid
Where do prokaryotes store their DNA?
Nucleoid
Why is water a "universal solvent"?
Water’s partial charges allow for easy dissociation; any molecule with ionic or polar regions may dissolve
What are the components of a nucleid acid?
Nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, and phosphate group
What is the function of ribosomes?
Protein synthesis from mRNA
What is the molar mass of C₆H₁₂O₆?
180 g/mol
What is the secondary structure of a protein?
Hydrogen bonding; 𝛼-helix and/or 𝛽-sheets
What is the Unified Cell Theory?
The cell is the smallest unit of life; all organisms are made up of one or more cells; cells arise from other cells through cellular division