Cells and Body Systems
(#27)
Select TWO body systems that are MOST DIRECTLY responsible for delivering oxygen to an animal's cells.
a) circulatory system
b) digestive system
c) excretory system
d) nervous system
e) respiratory system
A and E
(#4-1st question)
The graph shows the effect of temperature on the rate of carbon dioxide (CO2) production in plant cells as result of cellular respiration.
Based on the graph, select the response that correctly completes each statement.
When temperature increases, the rate at which glucose is used by cells is expected to
a) decrease
b) increase
c) stay the same
b) increase
(#11-1st question)
Genetic engineering is a process used to introduce a new trait into an individual organism or into a population of organisms.
Inherited traits are passed from parents to offspring through
a) genes
b) proteins
*(if a steal, student needs to explain to earn 50 points)
a) genes
(#1)
Images of the embryo and adult stages of three different organisms are shown.
Which of the following is the best conclusion that can be drawn from this evidence?
a) Having similar embryos indicates that these organisms eat the same types of food.
b) Having similar embryos indicates that these organisms live in a similar environment.
c) Having similar embryos indicates that these organisms share a recent common ancestor.
d) Having similar embryos indicates that a certain protein controls how many eggs the adult organisms will have.
c) Having similar embryos indicates that these organisms have a recent common ancestor.
(#12-Part A)
The diagram (in packet) shows part of the carbon cycle.
Which of the processes shown in the diagram is responsible for cycling carbon from the atmosphere to the biosphere?
a) combustion
b) decomposition
c) photosynthesis
d) respiration
c) photosynthesis
(#24)
A person eats an apple, and it is broke down in the person's digestive system.
Which of the following shows the order in which the apple pieces travel through the digestive system?
a) mouth --> liver --> small intestine --> large intestine
b) mouth --> large intestine --> small intestine --> liver
c) mouth --> stomach --> small intestine --> large intestine
d) mouth --> large intestine --> small intestine --> stomach
c) mouth --> stomach --> small intestine --> large intestine
(#4-2nd question)
The graph shows the effect of temperature on the rate of carbon dioxide (CO2) production in plant cells as a result of cellular respiration.
When temperature decreases, the rate of ATP production by cells is expected to
a) decrease
b) increase
c) stay the same
a) decrease
(#3)
A small number of people have an inherited mutation that decreases the likelihood of heart disease. The mutation causes the amino acid cysteine to be replaced by arginine.
Which of the following is most likely responsible for this mutation?
a) a large protein with a longer polypeptide chain
b) the duplication of a chromosome in the genome
c) the crossing over of a chromosome in the genome
d) a substitution of one nucleotide in the DNA sequence
D) a substitution of one nucleotide in the DNA sequence
(#5)
Scientists discovered a 375-million-year-old fossil in Canada. The diagram below (in packet) shows the top and side views of the fossil.
Which observation would BEST support the hypothesis that this organism was a transitional form between amphibians and fish?
a) The fossil has a long body, which both modern amphibians and modern fish have.
b) The fossil is larger than most modern amphibians, but smaller than most ancient fish.
c) The fossil has some body structures that are similar to amphibians and some body structures that are similar to fish.
d) The fossil was discovered near a lake, which shows that the organism needed water to reproduce, as do amphibians and fish.
(#12-Part B)
Which of the following occurs during decomposition?
a) Carbon is dissolved in water to form a solution.
b) Carbon is stored in animals as complex carbon compounds.
c) Carbon compounds are absorbed by plant roots from the soil.
d) Carbon compounds are broken down into simpler substances.
d) Carbon compounds are broken down into simpler substances.
(#11, second question)
For a genetically engineered trait to be inherited by offspring, the genetically engineered DNA must be present in the parents'
a) blood cells
b) gametes
c) saliva
d) skin cells
(#6-Part B)
Which of the following best describes a result of mitosis?
a) Organisms whose genetic diversity increases over time
b) daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell
c) gametes with combinations of alleles absent in the parent cell
d) chromosomes that carry different genetic instructions to each cell
b) daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell
(#13)
The diagram (in packet) shows a small part of an original strand of DNA and an incomplete new DNA strand.
Original strand: G T A T C
Which of the following shows the complementary nucleotide bases for the new DNA strand?
a) T G C G A
b) C A U A G
c) A C G C T
d) C A T A G
d) C A T A G
(#25)
Fossilized remains of prehistoric mastodons show anatomical similarities to modern-day elephants. These similarities provided the first evidence that mastodons were related to modern-day elephants.
Which of the following is the BEST additional evidence that mastodons were related to elephants?
a) Mastodons walked on four legs like modern-day elephants.
b) Mastodons ate a diet similar to that of modern-day elephants.
c) Mastodon fossils were found in the same area where modern-day elephants live.
d) Mastodon tissues contained protein sequences similar to those of modern-day elephants.
d) Mastodon tissues contained protein sequences similar to those of modern-day elephants.
(#20)
The graph (in packet) shows the changes in the population size of a mammal species introduced into an isolated island in 1957.
Which of the following conclusions is BEST supported by the data?
a) Every year, more individuals were born than died.
b) A predator of this mammal was removed from the island in 1990.
c) The population decreases were the result of low immigration rates.
d) In the 1980s, the mammal's population size stayed around its carrying capacity.
d) In the 1980s, the mammal's population size stayed around its carrying capacity.
(#23, Part A)
The enzyme lactase is needed for a person to be able to digest sugar in dairy products, such as cow's milk. The model shows how the enzyme lactase is produced by a cell.
Which model correctly shows the two molecules involved in the formation of lactase?
D
(DNA is IN the nucleus)
(#6-Part A)
Which of the following (in packet) shows the stages of mitosis in the correct order?
A
B
C
D
B
A section of DNA is shown.
3' -- TCG ATA TCC -- 5'
Which sequence best shows the result of transcription for the section of DNA?
a) AGC TAT AGG
b) UCG AUA UCC
c) TCG ATA TCC
d) AGC UAU AGG
d) AGC UAU AGG
(#21)
Some populations of Atlantic tomcod fish have an allele that makes the fish resistant to toxic pollutants called PCBs. Tomcod populations in several rivers were analyzed for the presence of this allele. Each river had varying levels of PCB pollution.
Which of the following results would BEST support the conclusion that natural selection is influencing the presence of this allele in the tomcod populations?
a) All of the tomcod in each of the rivers have this allele.
b) The percentage of tomcod with this allele remains the same from year to year in each river.
c) The rivers with high PCB levels have larger percentages of tomcod with this allele than the rivers without PCBs.
d) Eggs from tomcod without this allele can hatch in rivers with or without PCBs, and eggs from tomcod with this allele can only hatch in rivers without PCBs.
c) The rivers with high PCB levels have larger percentages of tomcod with this allele than the rivers without PCBs.
(#10)
Herbicides are chemicals that kill plants by interrupting important biological processes. Different herbicides affect different plant processes. The herbicide atrazine prevents the chemical reactions that use energy from sunlight.
A plant is sprayed with atrazine. Exposure to atrazine causes an immediate decrease in the production of two substances in the plant. Select the TWO substances.
a) DNA
b) carbon dioxide
c) glucose
d) phospholipids
e) oxygen
C and E
(#23, Part B)
Based on the model, which of the following leads to the production of lactase?
a) ATP is used to form lactase from glucose.
b) Lactase is directly replicated from DNA using ATP
c) DNA is transcribed to form mRNA, and then mRNA is translated.
d) DNA is translated to form a dairy sugar, and then mRNA is transcribed.
c) DNA is transcribed to form mRNA, and then mRNA is translated.
(#26-Partial credit possible)
The simplified diagram (in packet) shows how the protein mucin is produced by lung cells.
Select TWO statements that best describe the relationship between the DNA and the protein mucin.
a) The DNA is built from the mRNA of mucin.
b) The DNA folds at certain locations to shape mucin.
c) Sugars in the DNA can change the structure of mucin.
d) The DNA codes for the amino acid sequence that forms mucin.
e) Mutations to the DNA can change the structure and function of mucin.
D and E
(#9-BOTH PARTS-partial credit allowed)
An incomplete pedigree for a family with a Genetic condition is shown. The genetic condition has an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern.
Question 1:
Which symbol should be placed in the box in Generation II?
(A, B, C, or D)?
Question 2:
Which symbol should be placed in the box in Generation III?
(A, B, C, or D)?
Question 1: D
Question 2: C
(Pay attention to male/female!)
(#7)
The distribution of shell heights in a population of snails changed over time, as shown (in packet).
Which of the following best explains what happened to the genetic diversity of this snail population in regard to shell heights?
a) Genetic diversity decreased because of selection pressure.
b) Genetic diversity increases because of changes in food sources.
c) Genetic diversity stayed the same because of equal birth and death rates.
d) Genetic diversity increases because of the introduction of a new behavior.
a) Genetic diversity decreased because of selection pressure.
(#2)
A partial ocean food web is shown.
Select TWO changes that would most likely lead to a decrease in the size of the sea otter population in the area.
a) A law is passed that results in less fishing in the area.
b) Warmer ocean temperatures cause more algae to grow in the area.
c) Chemical runoff from a factory kills many crabs and many small fish in the area.
d) An invasive species of sea star that preys on sea urchins moves into the area.
C and D