Descriptions
Sausage-shaped organelle that is a "power “plant
mitochondrion
A “typographical error” in an organism's genetic information
mutation
The actual combination of genes that a person inherits for a particular trait
genotype
Pairs of genes that do not obey the law of independent assortment demonstrate what?
linkage
The structure of DNA
double-helix
Internal framework that gives the cell its shape and transports vesicles
cytoskeleton
What the abbreviation DNA stands for
deoxyribonucleic acid
A cell, such as a gamete, that has half the usual number of chromosomes has what kind of set.
haploid set
The substance in a cell's nucleus that contains the cell's “blueprints” and serves as the master control program of the cell
DNA
The process by which living cells produce energy from food withoutusing oxygen is
fermentation
Small structure that manufactures proteins
ribosome
The special type of cell division that results in cells with half the normal number of chromosomes (such as gametes)
meiosis
The process in which DNA bases connect together and only one type of base will fit another
base pairing
Sequences of noncoding DNA that are interspersed among the protein-coding regions of a gene are what?
introns
The process by which cells in a developing embryo take on specialized forms to become specific types of cells is
differentiation
jelly-like fluid medium of the cell that surrounds the organelles and nucleus
cytosol
The law that states that the dominant traits show up in the offspring even if an allele for a different trait is also present
dominance
The process by which an RNA copy of a DNA template is made
transcription
The process by which DNA is copied
replication
Two different forms of the same gene
alleles
The four types of bases that can make up the "rungs" of a DNA molecule
adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine
RNA contains this base which is not found in DNA
uracil
The type of inheritance in which a single trait is controlled by many different pairs of genes
polygenic
That alleles for each trait separate randomly during the formation of gametes is the law of what?
segregation
What process allows genes on the same chromosome to be inherited independently?
recombination