Homeostasis
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration (low solute concentration) to a region of low water concentration (high solute concentration).
What is osmosis?
Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease. Common types of pathogens include what?
Bacteria, Viruses, Worms, Fungi, Protozoa
Caused by bacteria, single-celled organisms that can reproduce on their own. Treated with antibiotics, which target and kill bacteria.
Examples: Strep throat, urinary tract infections, tuberculosis.
What is a bacterial infection?
a series of events that leads to cell growth and division. It consists of two main phases: Interphase and Mitotic Phase
What is the cell cycle?
Lower solute concentration than the cell, causing water to move into the cell, potentially leading to swelling or bursting.
What is Hypotonic Solution?
Single-celled organisms that can cause infections such as strep throat, urinary tract infections, and tuberculosis.
What is bacteria?
Caused by viruses, tiny particles that require a host cell to reproduce. Cannot be treated with antibiotics. Antiviral medications can help manage symptoms and shorten the duration of some viral infections. The immune system is the primary defense against viruses.
Examples: Flu, common cold, COVID-19.
What is a viral infection?
Why is the Cell Cycle important?
The cell cycle is crucial for growth, development, tissue repair, and the reproduction of unicellular organisms.
The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.
What is homeostasis?
The virus attaches to a host cell, injects its genetic material, and hijacks the cell's machinery to produce more viruses. The host cell bursts open, releasing new viruses to infect other cells.
What is the Lytic Cycle?
Name 3 key components of the immune system.
Key components of the immune system include white blood cells, antibodies, and the lymphatic system.
is the process by which cells become specialized to perform specific functions.
What is cell differentiation?
The cell membrane plays a crucial role in homeostasis by:
Regulating the movement of substances in and out of the cell to maintain optimal internal conditions.
Sensing and responding to changes in the external environment.
The virus integrates its genetic material into the host cell's DNA, replicating along with the host cell. The viral DNA can remain dormant for a period, eventually entering the lytic cycle and producing new viruses.
What is the Lysogenic Cycle?
a type of biological preparation that provides immunity to a specific disease.
What is a vaccine?
The tonicity of a solution describes its solute concentration relative to the cell: Name the three types of Tonicity.
Hypotonic Solution: Lower solute concentration than the cell, causing water to move into the cell, potentially leading to swelling or bursting.
Hypertonic Solution: Higher solute concentration than the cell, causing water to move out of the cell, leading to shrinkage.
Isotonic Solution: Equal solute concentration to the cell, resulting in no net water movement and maintaining cell shape.
How do viruses reproduce and infect cells?
Viruses infect cells by attaching to specific receptors on the cell surface and entering through endocytosis or fusion with the cell membrane.
They work by introducing a weakened or inactive form of the pathogen into the body. This triggers the immune system to produce antibodies, which are proteins that recognize and target the pathogen.When the real disease enters the body, the immune system is primed to fight it off quickly and effectively,preventing or reducing the severity of illness.
What is a vaccine?