Cell Cycle: Mitosis
Cells divide to: Repair- old and damaged cells
Mitosis
involves two distinct stages:each consisting of four phases (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase). A specialized type of cell division that reduces chromosome numbers by half, producing four genetically unique haploid gametes (sperm and egg cells).
Meiosis
How many cycles are in Meiosis?
Two: Meiosis 1 and 2
The making of proteins.
Protein Sysnthesis
what is a codon?
a sequence of three consecutive nucleotides in DNA or messenger RNA (mRNA) that acts as a fundamental "word" in the genetic code
Cells divide to:Grow-in amount of cells, baby to adult
Meiosis
Reduction Division: Homologous chromosome pairs line up and are separated into two new cells. This cuts the number of chromosomes in half.
Meiosis 1
what is the difference in cells created in mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis creates two identical somatic (body) cells for growth and tissue repair. Meiosis creates four genetically unique haploid gametes (sperm and egg cells) for sexual reproduction
DNA is copied into RNA
Transcription
what is a codon chart?
a biological "dictionary" that maps every 3-letter sequence of genetic code (a codon) to its corresponding amino acid or stop signal. It is the key to understanding how DNA and RNA instructions are translated into proteins. [1, 2, 3]
Longest phase, preparing to divide: Composed of G1, S and G2 cycles
Interphase
Similar to mitosis. The sister chromatids are pulled apart in both new cells, resulting in four total haploid daughter cells
Meiosis 2
It is defined by the alignment of condensed chromosomes along the cell's center,
Metaphase
involves the transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, which bring amino acids together in the correct order to build the correct proteins.
Translation
Why is protein synthesis important to living things?
it translates the static genetic instructions in DNA into functional, physical components. It creates the "cellular workhorses"—enzymes, structural tissues, and hormones—that drive metabolism, enable growth, and repair the body. Without it, organisms cannot survive.
Name one of the other Mitosis Steps.(not Interphase)
Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
What happens when the G1 phase gets skipped?
organelles do not duplicate
sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell
Anaphase
Thymine
mRNA takes information to the __________.
Ribosome
it divides the cytoplasm and organelles of a single cell into two distinct daughter cells, ensuring each has the cellular machinery it needs to survive
Cytokenesis
What happens when the S phase gets skipped?
Cell can not replicate DNA-incomplete genetics
duplicated genetic material is separated into two identical daughter cells.
Telophase
DNA to RNA: Adenine Pairs with
Uracil
tRNA take amino acids to the ____________.
Ribosome