maltose is an example of a
disaccharide 
what type of bond between water molecules
hydrogen bond
where in the cell does glycolysis occur
cytoplasm
when does crossing over occur during meiosis
prophase I
which organelle is responsible for modifying, packaging, and shipping products
golgi apparatus
isotopes have a different number of
neutrons
saturated fats are saturated with
hydrogen
enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by decreasing
activation energy
the calvin cycle, which makes sugars, takes place in the
stroma
a duplicated chromosome is made up of two sister
chromatids
involves a cell eating, drinking, or consuming bacteria using active transport
endocytosis
this process is kind of like putting a tag on DNA to silence it
methylation
phospholipids have negatively charged
(hydrophobic) heads
cellular respiration is a _ reaction
exergonic
oxygen during photosynthesis comes from photosystem II splitting
water
what nitrogenous base pairs with uracil
adenine (RNA only)
which organelle synthesizes proteins
ribosome
failure of chromosomes to separate properly that results in monosomy or trisomy
nondisjunction
what molecules power the proton gradient
NADH and FADH2
galactose + glucose -> lactose + water
dehydration synthesis
which steps of cell respiration produce CO2
acetyl-coa bridge (2 CO2) and krebs (4 CO2)
the cleavage furrow forms during
telophase
to enter or exit the cell ions like Na+ and K+ require _ transport
active
the first step of gene expression is
transcription of the DNA
a protein's identity, chemical properties, and three-dimensional structure is decided by its
R-group
polar covalent means the electrons are shared
unequally
what is the role of oxygen during cell respiration
final electron acceptor
the genotype for a carrier of cystic fibrosis would be
heterozygous
when a stem cell becomes a liver cell, it undergoes
differentiation
what is being phosphorylated during oxidative phosphorylation (ETC)
ADP (-> ATP)