The cell
The movement of ions or molecules across a membrane from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.
Passive transport
____________is the splitting of the cytoplasm in cell division.
cytokinesis
Simple molecules that form the basic units of proteins.
amino acids
Is a series of four protein complexes (I-IV) in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transfers electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen, producing water.
The Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
The three organelles contained in a plant cell but not an animal cell
Cell wall, large permanent vacuole, chloroplast
The stage of meiosis that crossing over occurs in.
Prophase 1
Crossing over, independent assortment, mutation, random fusion of gametes from different parents.What are those for?
Three sources of genetic variation in sexual reproduction.
What are the products of cellular respiration?
water, carbon dioxide and ATP
An organelle found in eukaryotes where protein is synthesised.
rough endoplasmic reticulum
The failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis also called non-disjunction.
aneuploidy
The nucleic acid that carries amino acids to the ribosomes.
tRNA
A biomolecule that serves as a fast source of energy?
Carbohydrates
The part of the cell where proteins and lipids are modified, packaged, and transported to their eventual destination.
Golgi body
The part of the cell cycle when most point mutations occur.
DNA replication occurs during the S-phase (synthesis phase) of the cell cycle.
Sickle cell anemia is a recessive disease. If you cross two parents with the alleles Aa x Aa, what are the chances their children will be carriers?
50%
During anaerobic respiration, animals break down glucose without the use of oxygen to create what three products?
lactic acid, carbon dioxide and ATP
years ago an Archaea absorbed an alphaproteobacterium through phagocytosis, that eventually became an organelle that provide energy to almost all living eukaryotic cells.
Endosymbiosis
The spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from a region of high water potential (region of lower solute concentration) to a region of low water potential (region of higher solute concentration).
Osmosis
Crucial process that occurs during meiosis, where non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes exchange segments of genetic material.
Crossing over
A newborn baby is diagnosed with Down Syndrome. His karyotype shows three copies of chromosome 21. The name given to having missing or extra chromosomes is a condition called aneuploidy. Which one is this one?
Trisomy
The product of photosynthesis during the light phase.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate), NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) and oxygen.
Approximately 1 billion years ago, some of cells absorbed cyanobacteria that eventually became organelles that produce energy from sunlight.
chloroplasts