Endocrine System
What are hormones ?
Hormones are chemicals that are made by and secreted by the endocrine cells
Name 3 involuntary functions in the body
Sleeping, breathing, digestion, circulation, etc
What is a tendon?
This joins a muscle to the bone
When the pancreas doesn´t produce suffient insulin
What is parapeligia ?
Paralysis of the legs
What is the name of the hormone produced by the thyroid gland?
Thyroxine
What does the myelin sheath do?
Allows the nerve impulses to go faster
Name the parts of the axial skeleton system
Skull, spine, ribs and sternum
Give 3 examples of a neurodegenerative disease.
Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, MS
The growth of the thyroid gland due it being over or under active
Goiter
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
To control and regulate the function of all the endocrine glands through out the body
What are synapses?
The gap between nerve cells where signals are passed from one cell to another
What materials in the body are used to make bones?
rigid materials (calcium)
soft materials (collagen)
living cells (nerves and blood vessel)
What is a stroke?
This is when a blood vessel going to the brain is blocked and blood supply is interrupted
Name 3 complications of diabetes.
Blindness, limb amputataion, heart attacks, kidney failure
Explain what is negative feedback
This is when the body detects that there is enough hormone and sends a signal to stop its release.
What are reflexes?
Immediate involuntary movements that are to protect in the case of the dangerous stimuli
Explain what a cartilaginous joint is and give an example of it in the body
This is a type of joint that allows for limited movement, for example, the vertebrae discs
Explain the cause of gigantism
Explain the difference between a muscle pull and a muscle cramp.
A muscle pull is the tearing of the muscle fibers while a muscle cramp is an involuntary spasm of the muscle
Name 5 endocrine glands in the body and one hormone they produce
Pineal gland - melatonin
Pituitary gland - growth, prolactin, oxytocin
Thyroid - thyroxine
Pancreas - insulin, glucagon
Adrenal- adrenaline, cortisol
Testes - testosterone
Ovaries - progesterone, estrogen
What is the difference between the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system?
Explain the difference between spongy and compact bone tissues
Compact bone tissue provides structure and it’s filled with yellow bone tissue while spongy bone tissue is filled with red bone marrow
What is the difference between osteoporosis and osteoarthritis?
Osteoporosis is the when the bones become fragile and break easily due to a lost of minerals specifically calcium while osteoarthritis is the degeneration of the cartilage of joints
Name at least 3 causes of mental disorders
Chemical imbalance
Irreparable damage to neurons
Harmful behaviors
Substance abuse (drugs and alcohol)