Ms. Key, You're Awesome
What is one function of a protein?
Forms hair, nails, muscle
Defends against bacteria in the blood
Speeds up chemical reactions
What is the function of a ribosome?
Makes protein
What part of the cell makes ribosomes?
What is it called when a protein loses its shape?
denature
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
An example of a carbohydrate.
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose (fiber)
What are the 2 differences between passive and active transport?
Passive transport does not require energy and moves molecules from high to low concentration.
Active transport requires energy and moves molecules from low to high concentration.
What are 2 differences between the rough ER and the smooth ER?
Rough ER - covered in ribosomes, makes and transports proteins
Smooth ER - not covered in ribosomes, makes and transports lipids
What is the difference between cohesion and adhesion?
Cohesion - water attracted to itself
Adhesion - water attracted to other substances
What does equilibrium mean?
Equal concentration on both sides of the membrane
The type of chemical bond in which electrons are transferred from one atom to the other.
Ionic
What is the function of cholesterol within the cell membrane?
Regulate how close together or far apart the phospholipids are to each other
What is the difference between a polar covalent bond and a nonpolar covalent bond?
polar covalent - electrons not shared equally
nonpolar covalent - electrons shared equally
What are the 3 parts of an atom, what is the charge of each, and which 2 are located within the nucleus of the atom?
Proton - positive charge, located in the nucleus
Neutron - neutral charge, located in the nucleus
Electron - negative charge, surrounds the nucleus
What is the function of the golgi apparatus?
Modify, repackage, ship molecules
What is a dehydration reaction?
The process of building a polymer
Water is removed in the process
If the inside of a cell is 50% water, and the outside is 30% water, is this a hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic solution?
Hypotonic
What are the 3 parts of cell theory?
1. Cells are the smallest unit of life
2. All living organisms are made of at least 1 cell
3. All cells come from other cells
2 H2 + O2 --> 2 H2O
How many atoms of hydrogen are on the reactant side of this chemical equation?
4
If there is 40% glucose inside the cell, and 60% water outside the cell, which way will water move and is this a hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic solution?
Isotonic
Water moves in and out at equal rates
What are the 3 types of active transport? Describe each.
Endocytosis - bringing in large amounts of material
Exocytosis - releasing large amounts of material
Sodium-Potassium Pump - moves sodium out of cell, moves potassium into it
What are the 3 types of passive transport? Describe each.
Diffusion - movement of molecules across a membrane
Facilitated Diffusion - movement of molecules across a membrane using integral (channel) proteins
Osmosis - movement of water
Describe the fluid mosaic model.
The cell membrane is made of many different parts (phospholipids, carbohydrates, cholesterol, proteins, etc.) that all move freely amongst each other.
What are the 7 characteristics of life that all living things have in common? Breifly explain each.
Cells (all organisms made of 1 or more cells), Growth and Development (get larger and more complex), Homeostasis (maintain stable internal environment), Reproduction (make more of your species), Metabolism (get and use energy), Response to Stimuli (react to sudden changes in your environment), Adaptation (change to better fit your environment - long term)
What are 4 differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic Cells: no nucleus, circular DNA, smaller, simpler, came first, no membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotic Cells: nucleus, linear DNA, larger, complex, came after prokaryotes, membrane-bound organelles