Cells
What organelle releases energy from food?
mitochondria
Name and describe the energy molecule for living organisms.
ATP, adenosine triphosphate
It is made of a sugar, a nitrogen base, and three phosphate groups.
What is the process that makes haploid cells?
meiosis
An asexual process by which an organism splits into creating two identical daughter cells. The most common process for prokaryotic cells.
binary fission
Put the following words in order from least complex to the most complex: organism, cell, organ, tissue, organ system
cell - tissue- organ - organ system - organism
What organelle stores energy in the bonds of glucose?
chloroplast
The reactants are carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight, what is the name of the process?
photosynthesis
What is the process that makes diploid cells?
mitosis
The asexual process by which a new organism grows on the body of a parent organism. The offspring is identical because there is only one parent organism.
budding
Which macromolecule is composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes phosphorus?
lipids
What organelle controls homeostasis by regulating what enters and leaves the cell?
cell membrane
The products are carbon dioxide, water, and energy, what is the name of the process?
respiration
Divides the nucleus once using four stages, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
mitosis
An asexual process that happens in plant leaves, stems and roots to produce new identical plants.
vegetative propagation
What is the difference between a prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell?
Prokaryotic cell does not have a nucleus and eukaryotic cell does have a nucleus.
What do the following words relate to:
hydrophobic, semipermeable, hydrophilic, lipid bilayer
cell membrane
Describe the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration.
The products of photosynthesis form the reactants of respiration
The cell division that creates genetic diversity.
meiosis
Identify the following process as an asexual or sexual reproductive process:
vegetative propagation meiosis
fragmentation binary fission
mitosis conjugation
vegetative propagation - asexual
fragmentation - asexual
mitosis - asexual
meiosis - sexual
binary fission - sexual
conjugation - sexual
If a virus has some characteristic of life why is it not a living thing?
A virus is not a cell and does have the necessary structures to reproduce on its own. It must use a host cell.
What is the basic unit of life for all living things?
Cell
What would happen to the process of photosynthesis and respiration if the sun energy was blocked for an extended period of time?
Photosynthesis would not be able to store the sun's energy in the bonds of glucose and then respiration would not be able to release energy for living things.
During cell division phase and process does crossing over occur? What is crossing over?
Prophase 1 of meiosis 1
It is associated with meiosis and refers to the 2 homologous chromosomes when they pair up in prophase I.
Describe the structure of DNA and relate Chargaff's rule to the structure.
DNA is a nucleic acid and its structure is a double helix or a two sided ladder. It is made of 4 nitrogen bases and they must pair in a specific way. (A -T and C - G)
Chargaff's rule states the amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine. It also states that the amount of cytosine is equal to the amount of guanine.