Greta Thunberg
This is the transport of substances (nutrients/waste, O2/CO2), the defense of the body (white blood cells), helps with thermal regulation and maintains body temperature.
Blood
A yellowish liquid formed from interstitial plasma substances, which circulate through the lymphatic vessels.
Lymph
The fluid that remains between the cells. It contains nutrients and O2 that come from the blood, and waste and CO2 that comes from the cells.
An organ with muscular walls whose function is to propel the blood.
Heart
Veins
This system drains from the interstitial plasma the substances that have not been collected by the circulatory system. It collects the fats from the body (vessels of the body).
Lymphatic System
They are blind vessels, with a system of valves (similar to veins), which begin in the interstitial plasma or the intestinal villi and will flow into the circulatory system, at the level of the subclavian veins.
Lymphatic vessels
These are thickenings of the lymphatic vessels that are concentrated in certain areas (groins, armpits, neck...). We find large numbers of lymphocytes, and they are the place where the lymph is filtered to eliminate pathogenic substances.
Lymphatic nodes
Heartbeats are made up of two different steps, which are two types of beat, one stronger and one weaker. What do you call the two movements of the heart?
Disatole and Systole
Human circulation has two circuits and they are continuous, so the blood passes through one of them and then through the other. What are the two circuits called?
Pulmonary circuit (or minor) and General circuit (or greater)
What causes the disease of the circulatory system called "embolism" and how can we prevent them?
Cause: Formation of a clot or thrombus in the arteries usually due to clotted blood in the veins of the legs (or in another part of the body)
Prevention/treatment: Physical activity promotes circulation. Follow-up treatment of varicose veins and other conditions that can cause blood clots. Medication that can dissolve the clot and anticoagulants. Surgical intervention to remove the thrombus.
What causes the disease of the circulatory system called "varicose veins" and how can we prevent them?
Cause: Failure of the valves in the leg veins that carry blood to the heart.
Prevention/treatment: Special attention to professions that require standing for a long time and during pregnancy. Physical activity promotes circulation. Compression stockings. Surgical intervention.
What causes the disease of the circulatory system called "arteriosclerose" and how can we prevent them?
Cause: Deposit of lipids (cholesterol and others) on the inner wall of the arteries.
Prevention/treatment: Physical activity. Balanced diet (low in animal fats). Do not smoke.
Tell me the difference between diastole and systole heartbeats.
Diastole
- The walls of the atria contract and blood passes from the atria to the ventricles, which fill with blood, through the valves. It is the weak beat.
Systole
- The walls of the ventricles contract with great force, and the blood leaves through the arteries. At that time, blood also enters the atria again. It is the strong beat.
Tell me the difference between the pulmonary circuit (or minor) and the general circuit (or greater).
Pulmonary circuit (or minor)
● It is established between the heart and the lungs. The deoxygenated blood leaves in systole from the right ventricle, through the pulmonary artery that branches and goes to each of the lungs. In the lungs, they branch into arterioles and into capillaries, which leave CO2 and collect O2 in the alveoli. This blood, now oxygenated, returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins that enterthe left atrium.
General circuit (or greater)
● It occurs between the heart and the rest of the body. Oxygenated blood leaves the left ventricle through the aorta artery, which has many branches towards all parts of the body. The blood is distributed through arteries, arterioles, and capillaries until it reaches the tissues, where the nutrients and O2, and where collect CO2 and waste, which are directed toward the heart through the capillaries, venules, and veins. Finally, this deoxygenated blood returns to the heart through the vena cava, entering through the right atrium, where it will begin its cycle again.
The muscle that forms the heart is called the _______. The vessels that supply the heart are __________.
The muscle that forms the heart is called the myocardium. The vessels that supply the heart are coronary arteries.
The heart has 4 chambers: 2 atria and 2 ventricles. The _____ are located at the top, and the veins reach them. The _____ are in the lower part, they are larger than the atria, with very muscular walls, and arteries come out of them.
The heart has 4 chambers: 2 atria and 2 ventricles. The atria are located at the top, and the veins reach them. The ventricles are in the lower part, they are larger than the atria, with very muscular walls, and arteries come out of them.
The circulatory system in humans (it is in birds and mammals as well) is called closed, double and complete circulation. This means:
− Closed: _________________
− Double: _________________
− Complete: _________________
The circulatory system in humans (it is in birds and mammals as well) is called closed,
double and complete circulation. This means:
− Closed: blood never leaves the blood vessels
− Double: blood passes through the heart twice in each round
− Complete: the heart is completely divided into 4 chambers (unlike other animals)
What are the three blood vessels and what are their differences?
Arteries are blood vessels that leave the heart towards the rest of the body. All arteries carry oxygenated blood (except the pulmonary artery). The muscular walls of the arteries are very thick and elastic to resist the pressure of the blood. When they branch they form arterioles. Veins carry blood from the rest of the body to the heart. All veins (except the pulmonary veins) carry deoxygenated blood. They have valves that prevent the backflow of blood. Capiliaries are very thin vessels formed by a single layer of cells to allow the passage of substances (nutrients/waste, O2/ CO2) through them. They branch from arterioles and veins reaching the vicinity of all the cells of the body.
What are the three types of blood cells and what are their differences?
Red blood cells (or erythrocytes) Very numerous cells (45% of blood volume) that have not a nucleus. Its function is to transport O2. They are disc-shaped and in the central part, they carry a hemoglobin molecule, which has a great affinity for O2
White blood cells (or leukocytes) These cells are larger than red blood cells and less numerous. Their function is defensive, and there are several types of white blood cells.
Platelets (or thrombocytes) Platelets are fragments of cells that have the function of plugging wounds (making a thrombus), and placing themselves on them to form a wall.