Unit 1
What is directly responsible for growth in living organisms?
The division of cells into two identical cells
Albumin is a protein produced in the liver of both pigs and humans. Based on this information, what other similarity can we predict between these two organisms?
share a similar sequence in one section of their DNA that codes for albumin.
Some scientists believe that the gene that controls the production of hemoglobin, a protein responsible for the binding of oxygen to red blood cells of humans, is located at the position shown in the diagram on your study guide. Scientists could gather more information about the relationship of this region of the DNA and the production of hemoglobin by asking what questions?
Do humans who lack this section of DNA exhibit problems with oxygen binding to red blood cells?
Meiosis contributes to genetic variation due to what characteristics of the process?
When homologous chromosomes split, sections of chromosomes can switch places.
All of the following are true of body systems within an animal, EXCEPT–
A each system within the body is made up of multiple parts.
B body systems interact with other body systems at a given time.
C each part of a system only has functions for that system.
D systems can respond to the needs of the animal.
C each part of a system only has functions for that system.
DNA replication is an important part of cellular division for what reason?
ensures that identical and complete genetic information is passed to both daughter cells.
What observations would support the claim that DNA determines the structure of proteins produced by cells?
Similar DNA sequences are found in organisms that produce the same protein.
What best explains why different cells within an individual organism function differently?
Proteins regulate which genes within a cell are activated and which are not.
The gene for tallness (T) in a pea plant is dominant over the gene for shortness (t). In a cross between two heterozygous parent pea plants, we can predict that what percentage of the offspring will be tall? What is this percentage?
Animals respond to threats in their environment by attacking or escaping. Either response is the result, mostly, of interactions between what systems?
the nervous system and the muscular system.
Differentiation of cells is responsible for which feature of complex organisms? Without differentiation, complex organisms would not be able to do what?
have specialized tissues.
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a condition which results from the inability to produce a certain protein. What is the most likely cause of Huntington’s disease?
A miscoding in the DNA sequence
In humans, the CFTR gene is responsible for a protein that regulates the components of sweat, digestive fluids, and mucus. Individuals with a mutated version of this gene develop cystic fibrosis. What research questions would provide the best data for clarifying the role of DNA in the development of this disease?
Is cystic fibrosis present in individuals who have a normal, non-mutated copy of the CFTR gene?
What provides evidence for the idea that certain environmental factors can alter DNA and cause mutations?
Skin cancer is more likely to develop in individuals who experience excessive exposure to sunlight.
The circulatory system requires the intervention of another body system to help regulate and deliver blood. What actions of tissues in another system contribute to the circulatory system doing its job of delivering blood?
Contractions of muscles
Mitosis maintains complex organisms by doing what?
The healing of a cut after an injury
Scientists theorize that production of hemoglobin is coded on the molecular location shown on your study guide. What observations could be used as evidence to support this claim?
This section of DNA is different in people who are unable to produce functioning hemoglobin.
What best describes the structural relationship between genes, chromosomes, and DNA?
Each chromosome consists of a single long DNA molecule, and each gene on the chromosome is a particular segment of that DNA.
An investigation involves a species of microorganisms. One population is exposed to radiation and the other population is shielded from radiation. The population exposed to radiation exhibits a mutation while the other population exhibits no mutation.
Both populations are then allowed to reproduce under normal conditions. Thirty generations later, the descendants of the population exposed to radiation still exhibit the mutation. Why can’t this observation be used to support the claim that the exposure to radiation did not cause the mutation?
Once a mutation is present in the genome, it is inherited by offspring.
Which of the following correctly provides an example of the hierarchical structure of living organisms?
A Organisms that live in the ocean, as opposed to on land, have developed different ways to obtain oxygen.
B Human blood cells are specialized to transfer oxygen throughout the body.
C The digestive system of animals is made up of organs that work together to break down food.
D Reptiles and amphibians have a shared ancestry, so many of their body structures are similar.
C The digestive system of animals is made up of organs that work together to break down food.
Complex organisms develop specialized tissues as a direct result of which process?
Cellular differentiation
If two organisms are able to carry out the same life function, we can expect to find which of the following?
Both organisms have specialized cells for this function.
The function of chromosomes can best be described as what?
regulating the production of specific proteins.
The ability for people to roll their tongue is dominant to people who cannot. If a tongue roller and a non-tongue roller were crossed, the highest percentage of potential non-tongue roller offspring would be what?
50%
Which of the following best represents hierarchical structural organization in plants?
A Different cells with xylem tissue work together to transport water throughout the entire plant.
B Some plants have changed little over millions of years of evolution, while others have changed quite a bit.
C Many aspects of plant growth are influenced by access to light, water, and minerals.
D Thorns are an adaptation some plants use to protect themselves from predators
A Different cells with xylem tissue work together to transport water throughout the entire plant.