Cancer & Cell Division
Where is DNA found in eukaryotic cells?
In the nucleus.
What are the two steps of protein synthesis called?
Transcription and translation
Different forms of a gene (inherited from the male and the female).
Allele
Compounds used to kill or stop the growth of bacteria.
Antibiotics
How do bacteria reproduce?
Asexually with binary fission.
What is the longest stage of the cell cycle?
Which type of RNA carries the instructions for polypeptide synthesis? mRNA, tRNA, or rRNA?
mRNA
Gametes (egg and sperm) contain only one set of chromosomes, therefore they are classified as what type of cell?
Options: Haploid, Diploid, Polyploid
What are the requirements for natural selection to occur?
1. Variation in the population
2. Differential survival and reproduction.
3. Heredity of traits
How do populations get variation in traits?
Mutations, sexual reproduction, and gene flow
Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control what?
The cell cycle and cell division.
Create a substitution mutation in the following DNA sequence:
ATG
Examples:
AAG
TTG
AGG
etc.
What is the end result of meiosis II?
4 haploid gametes
Suppose a dominant allele causes a plant disease that usually kills the plant before it can reproduce. Over time, what would probably happen to the frequency of the dominant allele in the population?
Which kingdom of life contains organisms with cell walls made of cellulose, chloroplast, are multicellular, and autotrophic?
Plantae
Why do normal cells undergo cell death when reaching the Hayflick limit (50 cell divisions)?
-To prevent the risk of developing into cancer.
- Telomeres become too short, triggering the cells to undergo apoptosis.
1. Which enzyme transcribes DNA into RNA?
2. Which organelle translates RNA into protein?
1. RNA polymerase
2. Ribosomes
If you cross a homozygous dominant male with a homozygous recessive female, what genotype will the offspring be?
In a forest ecosystem, trees with moderate height are best suited to capture sunlight without being too vulnerable to strong winds. Very short trees receive insufficient sunlight, while very tall trees are more prone to being damaged by storms. What type of selection (disruptive, stabilizing, or directional) would this lead to?
Stabilizing selection
Which kingdom of life is made up of species that can be multicellular or unicellular, eukaryotes, that contain cell walls made of chitin, and are heterotrophic?
Fungi
Put the stages of mitosis in the correct order.
Prophase- Metaphase- Anaphase- Telophase
Transcribe the following DNA sequence into RNA and then translate that into amino acids using a codon chart:
TAC TCG GCG AAT
DNA: TAC TCG GCG AAT
RNA:AUG AGC CGC UUA
Protein: Start - Serine - Arginine - Leucine
A human has 46 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would be found in its gamete cells after meiosis?
There is a population of rabbits that have both brown and white fur. Subsequent generations, by pure chance, more brown-furred rabbits happen to reproduce than white-furred ones. Over time, this random mating leads to a significant increase in the frequency of the brown fur allele within the isolated group.
What is this an example of?
Genetic Drift
Wings of a bird, bat, and butterfly all have a similar function but different anatomy. What type of structure is this an example of?
Analogous structure