Enzymes and Biomolecules
What do enzymes do to activation energy?
They lower it
What base pairs with adenine in RNA?
Uracil
A mutation that changes one nucleotide is called a __________ mutation
Point mutation
What is the purpose of mitosis?
To create genetically identical cells.
Which structure is found in ALL cells?
Ribosomes (also membrane or cytoplasm)
Which biomolecule provides immediate energy: carbs, lipids, proteins, or nucleic acids?
What is the process where DNA is copied into mRNA?
Transcription
A mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence is called __________.
Silent mutation
What phase of the cell cycle copies DNA?
S phase (DNA synthesis)
Which type of cell does not have membrane-bound organelles?
Prokaryote
What happens to an enzyme’s shape when it is exposed to very high temperatures?
It becomes denatured
In what organelle does translation occur?
The Ribosome
Name the chromosomal mutation where a segment flips around.
Inversion
Which checkpoint repairs DNA damage?
G2 checkpoint
What organelle produces energy in eukaryotes?
Mitochondria
Which biomolecule is made of nucleotides
Nucleic Acids
What are the complementary DNA and RNA strands of GTGCCC?
DNA: CACGGG, RNA: CACGGG
Which mutation can introduce a STOP codon?
Nonsense mutation
Mutations in what type of gene can cause uncontrolled cell division?
Tumor suppressor genes
Why can't chromosomes alone be used to classify cells as prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Both cell types have chromosomes.
Why does enzyme activity decrease sharply after reaching its optimal temperature?
The enzyme begins to denature and loses its active site shape.
Put these in order: protein, mRNA, DNA
DNA → mRNA → Protein
Explain the difference between insertion and deletion mutations.
Insertion adds nucleotides; deletion removes them.
A drug that stops DNA replication would affect which two cell cycle stages?
S phase and mitosis
Correctly order the levels of organization from smallest to largest.
Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism