DNA
RNA, Transcription and Translation
Genetics Pt. 1
Genetics Pt. 2
Creation/ Evolution
Ecology
Practice Problems Pt. 1
Practice Problems Pt.2
Trivia
100
The complementary strand for a DNA strand with the nucleotides
G G A T C G C G A
should look like:
C C T A G C G C T
100
What are the base pair rules for RNA?
A - U, G - C
100
Mitosis is cell division that produces _____ (#) ______ (Chromosome #) daughter cells, while meiosis is cell division that produces ____ (#) _____ (Chromosome #) daughter cells.
Mitosis- 2 diploid
Meiosis- 4 haploid
100
If Suzie is described as having curly hair and green eyes, we are describing her (genetics term)
Phenotype
100
Bats and birds both have wings and are capable of flight, even though bats are mammals and birds belong to a separate group of animals. Their wings developed independently as adaptations for flying rather than from a recent common ancestor.
What evolutionary concept does this example best illustrate, and why?
Convergent evolution (analogous structures)
100
Volcanic ash is released into the air during an eruption. This is an interaction between which two Earth “spheres”?
Geosphere (volcano) and atmosphere (air)
100
In cattle, red coat color (R) and white coat color (W) are codominant. Heterozygous cattle are roan (both red and white hairs).
A roan cow is crossed with a white cow.
What are the possible offspring phenotypes?
Roan or white
100
In pea plants, tall stems (T) are dominant over short stems (t).
Two heterozygous tall plants are crossed.
What percentage of offspring will be short?
25% will be short (tt)
100
Which artist painted "The Starry Night"?
Vincent Van Gogh
200
If 21% of a gene sequence is guanine, what percentage of the gene sequence would be adenine, thymine and cytosine?
Guanine- 21%
Cytosine- 21%
Thymine- 29%
Adenine- 29%
200
If “C G A” is the sequence of a codon, what sequence should be on the anticodon of the matching tRNA molecule?
G C U
200
During what stage of meiosis do the sister chromatids split?
Anaphase II
200
A trait that occurs in 41 out of 678 individuals occurs with a probability of
0.06 or 6%
200
What are the 5 conditions of Hardy-Weinberg?
No mutations, large population, no natural selection, random mating and no immigration/emmigration
200
When drawing a food web, arrows represent
The transfer of energy
200
In a family, there are two children, Maya and Ethan. Maya has blood type AB, while Ethan has blood type O. Based on this information, which of the following blood types could their parents have?
Heterozygous A (Ao) and heterozygous B (Bo)
200
In the population above, what is the allele frequency of the dominant allele?
0.5 or 50%
200
How much ice cream does the average American eat every year? (must be within 3 lbs)
20 lbs, 4 gallons
300
During the formation of new strands of DNA, this enzyme adds new nucleotides to the growing strand.
DNA Polymerase
300
The enzyme required for transcription. This enzyme adds new nucleotides to the new mRNA strand
RNA Polymerase
300
A woman who is able to roll her tongue (Tt) marries a man who cannot roll his tongue (tt). Tongue rolling is a _______________ trait.
dominant
300
In dogs, short fur (S) is dominant over long fur (s).
A heterozygous short-furred dog is crossed with a long-furred dog.
What are the possible genotypes of the puppies?
What is the likelihood of having long fur?
Ss, ss
50%
300
In a population of birds, beak size varies from small to large. During a drought, the only available food sources are tiny soft seeds and very large hard seeds. Birds with medium-sized beaks struggle to eat either type of seed, while birds with very small or very large beaks survive and reproduce more successfully over time. Which graph/pattern of natural selection best describes this situation?
Disruptive selection, graph C
300
Identify the 4 symbiotic relationships we learned about during class.
Mutualism, commensalism, predation and parasitism
300
In a population of butterflies, wing color is determined by two alleles: purple wings (P) are dominant over yellow wings (p). Scientists study 500 butterflies and find 420 have the dominant genotype.
What is the frequency of the recessive allele?
0.4 or 40%
300
In guinea pigs, rough fur (R) is dominant over smooth fur (r), and black fur color (B) is dominant over white fur color (b).
A heterozygous rough, black guinea pig is crossed with a smooth guinea pig that is heterozygous for fur color.
Based on this information, what is the probability of having an offspring with smooth black fur?
37.5% or 6/16
300
What’s the only vegetable that is also classified as a flower?
Broccoli
400
__________________ are identical copies of DNA produced during the DNA replication process, while __________________ hold similar information but not identical, with one coming from each parent.
Sister Chromatids, Homologous Chromosomes
400
_______ is the converting of those instructions into a polypeptide chain, while _______ is the copying of instructions from DNA in the nucleus and converting it to RNA.
Translation, Transcription
400
Snapdragons can be red, pink, or white. When crossing a red snapdragon (RR) with a pink snapdragon (RW), what % of the offspring will be red?
50%
400
Freckles (F) are a dominant trait in humans. If there is a cross between a homozygous recessive individual and a homozygous dominant individual, what are the potential genotypes of their offspring?
Ff
400
In a population where the frequency of the recessive allele is 0.37 and the dominant is 0.63, what would you predict the frequency of heterozygous individuals in this population?
0.47 or 47%
400
How much energy is transferred each time you move up a level on the trophic pyramid?
10%
400
A mother is heterozygous for type A blood and heterozygous for Rh factor, and a father is heterozygous for type B blood and Rh-.
(Remember: A and B are codominant blood type alleles, and o is recessive. Rh positive (R) is dominant over Rh negative (r))
- What are the possible blood types/Rh factors of the children?
- What is the probability of a child with type O negative blood?
Can have all potential blood types/Rh factors
12.5% or 1/8 for type O-
400
A father has blood type AB and is heterozygous for the Rh factor. A mother has blood type O and is also heterozygous for the Rh factor.
What is the probability that their child will have type A negative blood?
(Remember: A and B are codominant blood type alleles, and o is recessive. Rh positive (R) is dominant over Rh negative (r))
2/16 or 12.5%
400
Which two states in the U.S. share the most borders with other states?
Tennessee and Missouri
500
This enzyme is responsible for untwisting and separating the two DNA strands during the copying process.
DNA Helicase
500
What is the amino acid sequence for the following codons?
C A G - U C C - G A C - C C C - U G A
Gln, Ser, Ala, Pro, Stop
500
This pedigree depicts an x-linked recessive trait (Xh) in a family tree. What is the genotype of individual II-2?
XhX
500
For the trait being followed in the pedigree (hemophilia- x-linked recessive trait, Xh), what are the genotypes of individuals I-2 and III-2?
XhY
500
In a large population of tropical fish, the allele for striped fins (S) is dominant, and the allele for solid fins (s) is recessive. Scientists observe that 16% of the fish have solid fins. Assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of the dominant allele?
0.6 or 60%
500
In the food web above, identify 2 secondary consumers.
Fox, falcon (squirrel), wren (grasshopper), praying mantis (grasshopper), frog (grasshopper)
500
In a population of rabbits, black fur is dominant (B) over white fur (b). Out of 200 rabbits, 162 have black fur.
How many individuals have the recessive genotype?
What is the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype?
What is the frequency of the recessive allele?
What is the frequency of the dominant allele?
How many individuals have the heterozygous genotype?
30 homozygous recessive rabbits
q2= 0.19 or 19%
q= 0.44 or 44%
p= 0.56 or 56%
2pq= 0.49 or 49%---> 98 heterozygous rabbits
500
In a population of squirrels, gray fur is dominant (G) over black fur (g). Out of 400 squirrels, 316 have gray fur.
What is the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype?
What is the frequency of the recessive allele?
What is the frequency of the dominant allele?
How many individuals are expected to have the heterozygous genotype?
q2= 0.21 or 21%
q= 0.46 or 46%
p= 0.54 or 54%
2pq=0.5 or 50%--> 200 heterozygous squirrels
500
Where in the human body is the smallest bone located?
The ear