CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Cell division that creates two daughter cells identical to the original parent cell.
mitosis
Instructions for making poroteins/ traits
DNA
A change in DNA that is a source of variation for evolution
Mutation
Biomolecule used for quick source of energy, made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
carbohydrates
Event that occurs when too much nitrogen runs into a body of water producing a high amount of photosynthetic protists that die and choke out all other organisms.
Algal bloom
cell division in which the four daughter cells are unique
meiosis
The process by which DNA creates a message and mRNA transcribes the message in the nucleus of the cell
transcription
Random event that causes a change in gene frequency that reduces variation.
genetic drift
The biomolecule that most enzymes are made from, as well as a large portion of muscles
protein
relationship where one organism benefits and the other is harmed.
parasitism
A cell that contains a membrane, ribosomes, but no nucleus
prokaryotic cell
A form of dominance in which there are two dominant alleles. Both traits will be expressed
co dominance
When looking at rock layers, where are the oldest fossils found
bottom
The temperature is cold to the touch, and more blood is sent to the fingertips until they warm. What two body systems were involved.
nervous and circulatory
An organism's particular role in an ecosystem, or how it makes its living
niche
This biomolecule is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, and contains information about the entire organisms
nucleic acid
What is the mRNA code taken from the DNA code of AAT
UUA
When organisms leave their home population and migrate in a new population, and then reproduce. This introduction of new genes into a current population is referred to as
gene flow
A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together
polymer
relationship between two organism where one will benefit, and the other also benefits
mutualism
This single strand of genetic material is used by most cells to deliver the message from the nucleus to the ribosome.
mRNA
The three letter code used to describe what amino acid should be added next; this code is on the mRNA
codon
When only the most fit in a population survive and reproduce
natural selection/survival of the fittest
monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
nucleotide
Percent of energy that transfers up a trophic level in an energy pyramid
10%
The virus life cycle of HIV, in which the the virus remains dormant for weeks or years
lysogenic cycle
What are the parent genotypes of...
AaBB x aaBb
AB, AB, aB, aB
aB, ab, aB, ab
Structures like a human arm, a bat wing, and a whale flipper have similar bone structure, even though their uses are different. These are referred to as ___ structures, indicating common ancestry.
homologous
Plants do not have a circulatory system. Instead, they have these two tissues that help transport water and sugar.
xylem and phloem
Plants convert solar energy to _____ energy
chemical
The viral cycle where the virus will enter a cell and replicate quickly
lytic cycle
DNA coils together and forms a very tight knit, "X"
chromosomes
The term that means " change in genetic material over time"
evolution
Evaporation that occurs in the leaves of plants, when water exits the stomata
transpiration
A type of organism that eats only meat
carnivore
The cell organelle responsible for sorting proteins, packaging them into vesicles, and sending them throughout the cell, or body, to where they are needed.
Golgi (body, complex, apparatus)
A change in the DNA make up of an organism
What is a mutation?
A trait that is heritable and allows an organism to survive
adaptation
The condition of an organism being healthy and in balance, and everything within normal ranges
homeostasis
a species that is not native to a specific location and has a tendency to spread and cause damage to the environment
invasive species
The three stages of Interphase in the cell cycle, in order
G1
S
G2
The four nitrogen bases in DNA
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
Type of genetic drift that occurs when some individuals of a population are isolated and create a new population with a different gene frequency.
Founders Effect
This organ system acts as a first line of defense against pathogens and the largest organ in the body
integumentary
The capacity, or amount of organisms an environment can hold
carrying capacity
The three main structures of a nucleotide
phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar and nitrogen base
nitrogen bases (A, T, C, G)
type of selection that is not natural, in which humans pick and choose which traits are favorable
artificial selection
Photosynthesis occurs in this plant organelle
chloroplast
Name one way carbon is released to the atmosphere
breathing/exhaling
cellular respiration
burning fossil fuels