Cell Structure & Function
Day 1 & 2
Day 1 & 2
Cell cycle is important to organisms because it allows them to:
renew internal organs, grow from an adolescent to adult
If you have a known nitrogen base of Adenine in a DNA structure, what would it bond with?
Thymine
If two organisms are closely related on an evolutionary tree, they should have similar
follis records, embryonic development, and molecular homology
A lightning bolt strikes a dry, dead tree causing a devastating forest fire. This is an example of
Secondary succession
Is the following characteristics those of a prokaryote or eukaryote and why?
has cytoplasm, has DNA in a nucleus, has ribosomes, has a cell wall
Eukaryote, the presence of DNA inside a nucleus
Which of the following is an external structure?
Ribosomes, golgi complex, protein coat, or endoplasmic reticulum
protein coat
What 3 things make up a nucleotide?
Phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogen base
Explain why many doctors are concerned about the overuse of antibiotics in treating bacterial infections.
Bacteria that have a genetic tendency to resist antibiotics will be more likely to reproduce those traits in future offspring.
Build resistance and pass on that resistance to their offspring
Flowers are pollinated by bees and bees get nectar in return. This is an example of what kind of relationship?
Mutualism
What are the reactants for photosynthesis and the products of cellular respiration?
H2O and CO2
Water and carbon dioxide
In which stage of the cell cycle does the cell undergo DNA synthesis and replication?
S phase or Synthesis phase
Translation: mRNA to protein
Transcription: DNA to RNA
Look at day 6, question 7:
You discover a mouse with the following characteristics: hair on tail, small ears nearly hidden, and less than 25 mm
What is the scientific name of the mouse?
Microtus pinetorum
If producers receive 20,000kJ of energy from the sun, how much energy would be transferred to the secondary consumers?
200 kJ
What is the complimentary DNA strand to this sequence (include the 3 and 5 ends in your answer):
5' A T C G C T A G 3'
3' T A G C G A T C 5'
What is a particular type of cell that is targeted by a virus for reproduction called?
Host Cell
A change (substitution) in a nitrogen base in a cell's DNA will most likely...
alter the type of amino acid or protein to be synthesized
What body systems are used when mucus in the lungs traps a bacterial cell, T-cells attack the bacteria cell, then a cough is triggered to remove the mucus along with the destroyed bacteria?
Respiratory, immune and nervous systems
How would clearing a forest for the construction of factories potentially affect the stability of the carbon cycle?
A lesser amount of carbon dioxide will be taken in and used for food production by forests while more carbon dioxide is produced by factories. (more carbon being produced while less trees are available to take in that carbon)
What do carbohydrates and lipids have in common?
Both are sources of energy, both are made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Name all the steps of the cell cycle in the correct order.
Hemophilia is a genetic blood clotting disorder. The disease is recessive occurring on the X chromosome. If a normal father and a Carrier mother have two daughters, what would the daughters phenotypes be?
One would be normal and one would be a carrier, so XX and XXh
Xylem: move water in the shoot system
Phloem: move photosynthetic products (sugars and nutrients) throughout the plant
Explain the steps of nitrogen based fertilizers being used in agriculture and what happens if they runoff into freshwater ponds.
Rainfall or runoff into pond, Nitrogen from the fertilizer results in rapid algae production, then the plants at the bottom die (not able to go through photosynthesis, don't produce oxygen), making the fish die as well. Eventually the body of water is not able to support life anymore.
What are the steps in sexual reproduction that allows for genetic diversity in offspring?
Crossing over, meiosis creates haploid cells, those haploid cells (gametes) come together to create a diploid cell.