Definitions
What is a mixture?
a material composed of two or more elements
Name the 4 organic compounds.
proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
Which organelle contains the cell's DNA?
nucleus
Which organelle packages material to send outside of the cell?
Golgi Apparatus
The energy needed to get a reaction started is known as...
What kind of data describes the characteristics of something?
qualitative
What is the polymer of a carbohydrate known as?
polysaccharide
Which organelle contains enzymes that break down proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates in order to clean up waste in the cell?
Lysosome
Which organelle assembles proteins?
ribosomes
What is the difference between a solution and a suspension?
A solution is when a solute is dissolved into a solvent, but a suspension is when a material in a mixture does not dissolve
What are the forces present in everything that cause molecules to stick together with no bond
van der Waals
What are two functions of lipids?
- store energy
- biological membranes
Name 2 features present in plant cells that are not found in animal cells.
cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts
Microfilaments (actin)
Microtubules
Centrioles
What two things affect enzyme function?
pH and temperature
What is polarity?
When an atom pulls electrons more than another, resulting in a difference in charge
Name the 3 parts of a nucleotide.
5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
Name 2 functions of the cell membrane.
- regulate what enters or leaves the cell
- provides support
- cell communication
mitochondria and chloroplasts
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in Carbon-14?
6 protons
6 electrons
8 neutrons
Define the following terms:
hypothesis
inference
theory
hypothesis - proposed scientific explanation based on observations
inference - logical interpretation of data
theory - a well tested explanation about a broad range of observations
Name three functions of proteins.
- control reaction rates
- regulate cell processes
- form bones and muscles
- provide energy
- transport things through the cell membrane
Explain the steps of how a protein would be made and excreted from the cell, including which organelles are involved.
A protein would be synthesized by the ribosomes on the surface of the rough ER, sent to the Golgi apparatus to be modified and packaged, then sent to the membrane in a vesicle where it is excreted.
Explain the role of the cell membrane in active transport.
There are proteins embedded in the cell membrane that use energy in the form of ATP to pump materials against its concentration gradient.
Explain isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions.
isotonic - equal concentrations of solute on both sides
hypertonic - solution has a higher concentration of solutes outside the membrane
hypotonic - solution has a lower concentration of solute outside the membrane