Cell Respiration
What are the two types of fermentation?
alcohol and lactic acid
T/F Glycolysis needs oxygen to function.
False
Where does the electron transport chain take place?
mitochondria
What is the pigment used in photosynthesis that makes plants green?
Chlorophyll
A Calorie in food is actually equal to how many calories?
1000 calories (kilocalorie)
Which step in cellular respiration is responsible for making the most electron carriers?
Kreb's cycle
T/F Kreb's cycle requires oxygen.
True
Where does glycolysis take place?
Cytoplasm
Which electron carrier is used in photosynthesis?
NADP+ or NADPH
What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph?
autotrophs make their own food, heterotrophs eat their food
glucose + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water + ATP (energy)
What are the 3 products of glycolysis?
2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 NADH, net 2 ATP
Where does the Kreb's cycle take place?
mitochondria
What part of photosynthesis turns ATP into high-energy sugars like glucose?
Calvin cycle
Which enzyme makes ATP?
ATP synthase
What is the purpose of fermentation?
To regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can keep functioning to provide the cell with energy when there is no oxygen
In the Krebs cycle, acetyl coA becomes what molecule?
citric acid
on the thylakoid's membrane
In the electron transport chain of photosynthesis, where do the electrons come from?
The space outside the thylakoids inside the chloroplast is known as what?
Stroma
Explain the entire process of the electron transport chain.
The electron carriers use their electron's energy to pump protons against their concentration gradient. The electrons end up combining with oxygen to create water. The protons flow back down their concentration gradient through ATP synthase, which spins the enzyme and creates ATP from ADP
What are the products of the Kreb's cycle? Include how many of each product.
1 ATP, 4 NADH, 1 FADH2
Where does acetyl coA come from?
in the Kreb's cycle, pyruvic acid loses a carbon in the form of CO2 and becomes acetyl coA
Name 3 factors that can affect photosynthesis.
- amount of water
- temperature
- light intensity
quick energy is the small amounts of ATP already present in the muscles, long term is the use of glycogen and fat stores